Metallographic diagram of W18Cr4V

W18Cr4V, a low alloy steel, consists of 0.18% carbon, 4.15% chromium, and 0.45% vanadium, with a few other trace elements. It is one of the most commonly used stainless steels, as it offers a wide range of properties and characteristics that make it well suited for a variety of applications.

The most noticeable physical feature of W18Cr4V is its strength. It has a tensile strength of 700-900 N/mm2, which is higher than that of comparable alloys, such as the 400 series. Its hardness is also superb, as it can withstand temperatures up to 1201 degrees Celsius, while still retaining its strength. Its attributes also make it well suited for use as a die material.

In terms of its corrosion resistance, W18Cr4V is superior to many other stainless steels, as its chromium content is relatively high. It also has a high level of resistance to many acids and alkaline solutions, making it a suitable choice for applications where there is a risk of chemical corrosion. This steel is also highly resistant to oxidation, which is why it is often used for structural elements that are exposed to high temperatures.

When it comes to machinability, W18Cr4V is second to none. It has a great machinability rating of 80%, meaning it can be machined quickly and accurately. It is also a very ductile material, which makes it easier to form and shape as required. It is worth noting, however, that machining this alloy requires more advanced tools than those used for less advanced steels.

Finally, W18Cr4V is also highly resistant to wear and abrasion, making it ideal for use in applications where materials come into contact with one another. This makes it a great material to use for drill bits and saw blades, as it can withstand a large amount of wear and tear without breaking or warping.

Overall, W18Cr4V steel is an excellent choice for a variety of applications, as its properties and characteristics make it well suited for many different uses. It is strong, highly resistant to corrosion, and can be machined quickly and accurately. It is also highly resistant to both wear and abrasion, making it a great choice for tools and components that must come into frequent contact with one another.

H18Cr4V is an alloy of 18% Chromium and 4% Vanadium steel. It is a type of stainless steel and is usually alloyed with carbon. The steel is known for its good hardenability and wear resistance. It is widely used to manufacture machine parts and tools that require high strength and good corrosion resistance.

The microstructure of H18Cr4V consists primarily of face-centered cubic (FCC) ferritic grains with secondary austenite present. Typically, intergranular Cr carbides are scattered along the grain boundaries, creating a cementite network, which gives the alloy high wear resistance. The presence of Vanadium in the alloy, helps with hardenability by forming metastable carbides, which can become dispersed with further, sufficient tempering.

The macrostructure of H18Cr4V is determined by its forging and heat treatment processes, which can influence its microstructure and thereby its mechanical properties. To form a specific structure and to give the alloy specific properties, the alloy is usually quenched and tempered in the range of 500–700 °C, forming a martensitic microstructure. H18Cr4V can reach a maximum hardness of 57-60 HRC after quenching by heating to 800-900 °C and slowing cooling to room temperature.

Due to its high strength, H18Cr4V is used for cutting tools, punches, trim dies and other parts and components that must resist shock and wear. It is also used for making parts for medical instruments and appliances, due to its excellent corrosion resistance.

In conclusion, H18Cr4V is a high-performance steel with good hardenability, wear and corrosion resistance. Its specific properties can be further tailored by adjusting its macrostructure and microstructure through a combination of heat treatment and forging processes. Therefore, it is widely used for making cutters, punches, trim dies and medical instruments and appliances.