Iron Refining
Iron is a metal that has been used by human civilizations for centuries. It has been used to build tools, weapons, structures, and even fashion ornaments and jewelry. Heated iron ore is extracted from the earth, and the process of refining it into usable iron can be a long and laborious process.
The first step in refining iron is acquiring the raw material. Many times, this is mined from iron ore deposits. The raw ore must then be crushed and separated from the waste material. This is usually done through mechanical processes, such as pumps, grinders and other equipment.
Once the iron ore is separated from the waste, it must be heated in a furnace. This is done at a relatively high temperature, usually between 1400-1800°C. The temperature is important, as it helps the impurities to separate and fuse together with other elements. This process is known as smelting.
The most common technique used in smelting iron is known as the bloomery method. In this process, a large mass of iron ore is heated in a container. This container is typically made of clay or an iron/wood mixture. As the ore is heated, it melts, separating the liquid iron from the slag.
The liquid iron is then drained off, and an oxidizing agent, like charcoal, is added. This helps to remove any remaining impurities in the iron. This molten iron is then poured into a mould or splintered into pieces. This is called ‘wrought iron’ and it is now ready to be used in a variety of applications.
The entire process of refining iron is an age-old craft. It requires skill, knowledge, and the correct tools to get the job done properly. Without it, the raw iron ore is unusable. With the proper techniques, however, the ore can be shaped and crafted into whatever a person needs. From structures, tools and weapons to simple ornaments and jewelry, iron is a material that has been helping people since the dawn of civilization.
