Hardmetal Materials
Hardmetal, also known as cemented carbide, is a combination of metal or alloy and hard particles such as tungsten carbide or titanium carbide. It is typically composed of a mixture of tungsten carbide particles and a binder metal. Its properties depend on the proportions of both components, as well as the microstructure and grain size. The combination of materials and method of manufacture gives it a variety of unique mechanical properties that make it invaluable in many industries.
Hardmetals were first developed in the 1920s at the Imperial College in England by Wolfgang Gaede, who developed the technique of mixing powdered tungsten carbide and cobalt to create the new material. Since then, various other binders and hard particles have been used to create different grades of hardmetal.
Hardmetal is most often used in applications that require extreme wear resistance or intense abrasion. Some of the most common uses for hardmetal are tools for machining, mining and oil drilling equipment, drills and lathes, knives, and laboratory tools.
The properties of hardmetal make it ideal for these types of applications. It is extremely stiff and resistant to wear and abrasion, as well as heat and corrosion. The hardness of hardmetal is extremely high compared to other materials, making it difficult to machine, but it is also relatively lightweight, making it easy to work with.
Hardmetal is also often used in parts such as bearings and gears, where its superior wear resistance and strength allow it to outlast other materials. It is also used in medical devices and equipment, automotive parts and electronics.
The cost of hardmetal is relatively high compared to other materials, but its superior performance and durability make it a better choice for certain applications. Additionally, hardmetal is a relatively low-maintenance material, making it easier and more cost-effective to use in the long run.
Today, hardmetals are produced by a variety of methods. The most common method is powder metallurgy, in which powdered tungsten carbide and a binder metal are blended together before being shaped and sintered. This process allows for precise control over the mix and microstructure of the material.
Another popular production method is sintering or directional solidification, in which the material is heated under pressure, then cooled and hardened to produce a finished part. This process is used for larger parts, such as bearings and gears.
More recently, a new method of hardmetal production called Direct Metal Deposition (DMD) has been developed. This method uses a heat source to melt hard particles, such as tungsten carbide, and then deposits the molten material directly onto a substrate, forming a hardmetal layer.
Overall, hardmetal materials provide superior performance compared to other materials. Its combination of strength, stiffness and wear resistance makes it ideal for a variety of applications. By using the right production methods, products can be manufactured with hardmetal at a relatively low cost, ensuring a good return on investment for the user.
