Introduction
Springs are an integral part of many mechanical systems. They are used as an energy storage device as well as a means of providing a range of motion or load support. The terminology of springs is the language used to describe their properties and performance.
When describing a spring, it is important to refer to the terminology that applies to the spring by name. This will ensure that the design and performance expectations of the spring are met. This article will introduce some of the basic terminology used when discussing springs.
A spring is a device that has a particular number of coils/turns made from a specific material. Depending on the type of material used for the spring and the number of coils/turns, the spring will exhibit certain characteristics such as stiffness, flexibility and resilience.
Coil Number - This is the number of turns or coils that the spring has. If a spring has multiple turns, then the total number of turns will be referred to as the ‘coil number’.
Inside Diameter - This is the measurement of the inside of the spring and is an important factor when considering the operation of the spring.
Static Load/Rate - This is the measure of how much force is required to compress the spring a given amount. The static load is measured in kilograms (kg).
Working Length/Travel - This is the length of the spring when it is under load or compression. It is measured in millimetres (mm).
Load Deflection - This is the measurement of the deflective force of a spring when under pressure. It is measured in kilograms (kg).
Spring Index - This is the measurement of the ratio between the coil diameter and the coil length. The ratio is expressed as a number from 3 to 20, with higher numbers indicating stronger, stiffer springs.
Spring Constant - This is the measure of the springs stiffness, which is the amount of force required to compress the spring a given amount. It is measured in kilograms per millimetre (kg/mm).
Compression Set - This is the measure of how much the spring will compress after the initial force is applied. It is measured as the difference between the initial size of the spring and its size after the initial force is applied.
Material - This is the type of material that is used to create the spring. Depending on the type of material used, the spring will exhibit different characteristics such as stiffness, flexibility and resilience.
Free Length - This is the length of the spring when it is at rest or unloaded. It is measured in millimetres (mm).
Spring Hooks - This refers to the shape of the hooks at the end of the spring. Depending on the shape of the hook, it can affect the performance of the spring.
Conclusion
Understanding the terminology used when discussing springs is important in ensuring that the spring is designed and performs as expected. The terms discussed in this article are just some of the basic terms used to describe springs, but there are many more terms used to describe a variety of different springs and their performance.
