Classification and Terminology of Metal Cutting Machine Tools
Metal cutting machine tools are the main tool and indispensable part of metal cutting. According to the use, structure and application field of metal cutting machine tools, they can be divided into three categories, namely metal cutting machine tools, metal forming machine tools and composite machine tools. Generally speaking, metal cutting machine tools refer to machine tools that carry out mechanical processing with edged or pointed cutting tools or other tools.
Metal cutting machine tools can be classified into several common types, including horizontal turning machines, vertical turning machines, planning machines, drilling machines, boring machines, milling machines and grinding machines.
(1) Turning machines
The turning machines include horizontal turning machines and vertical turning machines. Horizontal turning machines are used for machining circular, conical and shoulder surfaces, while vertical turning machines are used for machining axisymmetric ablation and bulge surfaces, as well as grooved circles, all kinds of straight-line turning and taper turning, etc.
(2) Planning machines
Planning machines generally refer to bed-type or planer-type machines, which are used for machining plane surfaces, grooves, keyways, worm racks and various gear teeth.
(3) Drilling machines
The drilling machines refer to machines that use point cutting tools to machine cylindrical holes with different depths, such as multi-axis drilling machines and radial drilling machines.
(4) Boring machines
The boring machines generally use boring cutting tools for boring internal cylindrical, conical and polygonal holes.
(5) Milling machines
The milling machines are the most widely used machine tools in the metal cutting area. According to the working surface of the workpiece, helical-type milling machines can be divided into vertical milling machines and lateral milling machines, which are used for machining plane surfaces, grooves and tooth surfaces.
(6) Grinding machines
Grinding machines are used for finishing and machining surfaces of workpieces with high precision and surface roughness. According to the working principle, they can be divided into internal grinding machines, external grinding machines, surface grinding machines, cylindrical grinding machines, tool grinding machines and special grinders etc.
In conclusion, we can divide metal cutting machine tools into different kinds by the use, structure and application field. Its periphery parts and components can be divided into the same Metal Cutting Machine Tools classification and terminology, according to the machines different parts categories. Moreover, for some special machines or parts, we can set up a special naming and classification for them for our special use. All this lay a solid foundation for the further research and development of metal cutting machine tools.
