Halite
Halite, commonly known as rock salt, is a type of mineral made up of sodium chloride (NaCl). Its chemical formula is NaCl, and it is a hexagonal crystalline structure. Halite forms when salty water evaporates, leaving behind a solid deposit of sodium chloride crystals on the beds of lakes and oceans. In some cases, it can form underground as well; in these cases, it is known as evaporite.
Halite has a wide range of uses, spanning many industries. Because of its high solubility, halite can be used as a flavoring agent, a food preservative, and even in medical treatments. In the beauty industry, its used as an exfoliant and in certain cosmetic products. In industrial applications, halite is used in mining, oil drilling, road salt production, and the production of other chemicals. It is also used in many areas of agriculture to help retain moisture, control weeds, and reduce freezing temperatures.
When mined, halite is a light brownish-gray color, but when crushed it can have a white, pinkish, or reddish tint. Interesting enough, halite can have an extremely salty taste, and can produce excess salt when dissolved in water. Halite is found all over the world, and it is one of the most abundant minerals on Earth; only quartz is more common. In the United States, some of the largest deposits of halite can be found in Ohio, Louisiana, Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico.
Halite has been mined and used as an important source of salt since ancient times. In Egyptian history, it played an important role in the preservation of food and the salification of bread. Rock salt was also used as currency in ancient China and Rome, and as an offering of sorts in Greek temples.
Today, halite is still heavily mined and used for a variety of purposes. Due to its abundance and affordability, it is a popular ingredient in many food products. Other uses include water softening, salt-based ice control products, soil amendments, and the manufacture of chlor-alkalis and other chemical products. In some areas, its mining is heavily regulated, due to environmental concerns.
Halite is an undeniably important mineral with a long and storied history. Its invaluable uses are expected to expand as new applications and markets are discovered.
