Selecting Tools and Programming for CNC Machining
Computer numerical control (CNC) machines are a type of automated tool used in industrial manufacturing and machining, typically demanding mathematics and physics. While CNC machines can be programmed to carry out intricate machining tasks, it is important to ensure the proper selection and programming of all parts, tools and materials, to ensure the quality and accuracy of the manufacturing process.
The first step in ensuring proper selection and programming of all components is to determine the type of machine being used. Since there are different types of CNC machines available, understanding the capabilities of each machine and its exact requirements is essential to selecting the correct tools and materials. For example, a CNC lathe is designed to machine primarily cylindrical shapes and often uses various cutting tools. On the other hand, in a CNC mill, the cutting tool used is inserted in a spindle and machined against a flat surface.
Once a CNC machine is determined, the materials needed for its successful operation should be selected. In general, this includes materials like tooling, such as drill bits, router bits, saw blades or grinding wheels; CNC cutting tools, such as end mills, reamers or taps; and a variety of other accessories, such as vises, clamps and work stops. A variety of other specialized tools may be needed for specific machining processes, such as milling, drilling, counterboring and reaming.
In addition to selecting the correct tools and materials, programming is another critical aspect of CNC machining. It is important to understand the different programming techniques used in the machining process in order to properly program the CNC machine. Programming techniques may include block programming, in which an entire line of commands is written out in a single line; canned cycles, in which pre-programmed programs are used; and conversational programming, which uses graphics and displayed text to control the machine.
When programming a CNC machine, the programming language should be properly selected. This varies depending on the type of CNC machine being used. Commonly used programming languages for CNC machines include G-code, Fanuc, Siemens and Heideck. Each language is slightly different, so it’s important to obtain the correct documentation for the specific brand and model of CNC machine to ensure the correct programming language is used.
Finally, the machining process should be thoroughly tested before production begins. Testing should include running a dry cycle with all the tools in place to identify any potential issues. This can be done with the machine powered off, ensuring that all settings and configurations are correct. Once the dry cycle is complete, the machine can be powered up and actually machined with its given tools, materials and settings.
Selecting the correct tools, materials and programming for CNC machining is essential to the success of the machining process. With the proper tools, materials and programming, a CNC machine can be used to make accurate, reproducible parts and components to exact specifications. Understanding the strength of the CNC machine and its requirements for materials, tools and programming is essential to the success of the machine. With the right selection and programming, CNC machines can be used to produce high-quality, precise parts and components for a variety of applications.
