Metallurgy, the art of working metals, has existed for many centuries, and is an important field of science and industry. The metals used include iron, aluminum, copper, tin, nickel, lead and zinc. Steel, an alloy of iron and carbon, is one of the most important products of metallurgy, and is used extensively in buildings, bridges, ships and vehicles.
Metallurgists employ a range of technologies to separate metals from ores and then purify and shape them. Extractive metallurgy processes ores to produce the required metal. Physical metallurgy modifies the microstructure of metals in order to affect their properties.
Foundry processes involve pouring molten metal into moulds to make parts for a wide range of applications. Heat treatment is carried out to improve the mechanical properties of metals, such as strength and ductility. Surface treatment is often used to improve wear resistance, corrosion resistance and aesthetic appearance.
Welding is employed in the construction of structures, components and equipment. It is a process whereby metals are joined together by melting and fusing them along a common boundary. Joining processes such as riveting, soldering and brazing are also used.
Metallurgists also study deformation and failure of metals under stress. Stress analysis is done to determine the safe operating conditions of components, such as pressure vessels and machine parts. Alloy design and development are used to produce new materials with improved properties.
Non-destructive testing methods are used to detect and measure the characteristics of a material or its components without causing damage. It encompasses techniques such as ultrasonic testing, magnetic particle testing, dye penetrant testing and radiography.
Pollution control is an important aspect of metallurgical activities, as they often produce toxic or hazardous substances. Processes are developed to reduce the release of pollutants from emissions, wastewaters and solid wastes.
Metallurgy is a fascinating field of study and has wide-ranging applications across various fields. It requires an understanding of chemistry, physics, mathematics, materials science and engineering, and is a great career choice for those with an interest in the sciences.
Metallurgy 热 加工：Heat Treatment 熔炼： Smelting 熔解： Melting
