Cutting fluid selection and maintenance
Cutting fluid is one of the most important components used in machining operations. Proper selection and maintenance of cutting fluid is essential for efficient and effective cutting operations. The primary function of a cutting fluid is to lubricate and cool the cutting tool, which reduces the friction generated during machining, thus reducing the temperature and wear rate of the cutting tool. In addition, cutting fluids are used to flush away swarf and heat generated during machining, thus preventing clogging and formation of burrs.
In general, there are two main types of cutting fluids available for use – soluble oils and synthetic fluids. Soluble oils are the most widely used and are usually composed of about 70% mineral oil supplies with a range of additives. These additives provide better lubrication, cooling and swarf removal characteristics. Synthetic fluids provides better lubrication and cooling performance than soluble oil, due to their more stable base molecules, and they tend to be more resistant to bacteria and degradation.
The choice of cutting fluid will depend on the machining operation and the material being machined. Coolant selection should be based on the type of material being machined and the speed and feed required. In general, when a low cutting speed is used, a low viscosity cutting fluid should be used, whereas a higher viscosity cutting fluid should be used at higher cutting speeds. Additionally, the viscosity of the cutting fluid should be decreased if a higher surface finish is desired.
In order to ensure effective operation of the cutting fluid, proper maintenance is essential. The cutting fluid should be monitored regularly to ensure that it is clean and effective. The cutting fluid level should be checked periodically, and the pH levels should be maintained within a specified range. Additionally, the cutting fluid should be filtered or replaced periodically to ensure that it remains in optimal condition.
In conclusion, selection and maintenance of cutting fluid are essential for efficient and effective machining operations. Soluble oils and synthetic fluids are the two main types of cutting fluids available for use, and the choice of cutting fluid should be based on the machining operation and the material being machined. In order to ensure effective operation of the cutting fluid, proper maintenance is essential, which includes monitoring the cutting fluid, checking the level and pH, and replacing or filtering the cutting fluid periodically.
