Atkinson's theory of achievement motivation

Arthur C. Attkinsons Achievement Motivation Theory

The achievement motivation theory of Arthur C. Atkinson (1958) emphasizes individual accomplishments as the primary motivator of behavior. According to Atkinson, people strive for success and accomplishment due to a need for self-actualization and a sense of efficacy. Atkinson used the terms approach and avoidance motivation to describe the two primary motivations for behavior. Approach motivation involves striving for success, accomplishment and recognition, whereas avoidance motivation focuses on fear of failure and lack of recognition.

Atkinsons achievement motivation theory proposes that people differ in how they are motivated. There are two dimensions that contribute to a persons achievement motivation. The first dimension is achievement via effort, or the need to work hard to achieve success. The second dimension is achievement via ability, which is the need to seek out activities that match a persons level of skill.

Atkinson argued that a persons achievement motivation should be applied in different situations. He proposed that people should set goals that are both realistic and challenging, in order to optimize their chances of achieving them. He also suggested that individuals should strive for goals that are associated with a sense of autonomy and self-determination, rather than goals associated with external or extrinsic rewards.

Atkinsons achievement motivation theory has been widely applied to various areas. For example, it is often used to explain the behavior of athletes. Athletes tend to be intrinsically motivated to achieve success, largely due to their desire for personal accomplishments and recognition. Additionally, the theory has been applied to academic settings, where students are motivated to do well in school based on their own achievement goals.

Atkinsons achievement motivation theory has also been extended to organizational settings. In this context, the theory is used to examine the ways in which organizations achieve their goals through the motivation of their employees. Specifically, organizations should create an environment in which employees are influenced to strive for high levels of performance and to take pride in their accomplishments.

Overall, Atkinsons achievement motivation theory stresses the importance of individual accomplishment as a primary motivator of behavior. The theory suggests that different levels of motivation and performance may be achieved through differing levels of effort and ability. Therefore, it is essential for individuals and organizations to set realistic, challenging goals that are associated with a sense of autonomy and self-determination. As such, this theory provides an important framework for understanding the ways in which people are motivated to act.

Achievement motivation theory, attributed to Harvard researcher David C. McClelland, discusses the motivation behind the pursuit of excellence. This theory states that the primary driving force behind the desire to achieve success is a need for personal achievement or a sense of accomplishment.

McClelland suggests that these needs come from both internal and external sources, and that they are expressed in different ways among individuals. For example, a person may have an intense desire to achieve the highest goals possible in their field, or they may simply enjoy the challenge of taking on new tasks and working to perfect their skills.

The achievement motivation theory posits that the individual’s level of motivation will determine their success. Those who are highly motivated are more likely to strive to reach their highest potential, while those who lack motivation may find themselves stuck in a state of stagnation. It is important to remember, however, that whether a person succeeds or fails is still largely dependent upon their personal skills, abilities, and attitude.

Achievement motivation theory identifies three components of motivational behavior: ability (the individual’s skills and talents), commitment (the effort they are willing to put forth to reach the goal) and recognition (the reward they receive for their efforts). According to this theory, an individual’s success is determined by the combination of these three components.

In addition to understanding the components of motivational behavior, McClelland also suggested ways in which it can be developed and increased. He identified certain activities and experiences which can help to build an individual’s achievement motivation, such as goal setting, feedback, and coaching. He also suggested that individuals should attempt to identify and focus on their strengths and talents in order to foster a desire to strive for excellence and greater levels of achievement.

Overall, McClellands Achievement Motivation Theory is an important part of understanding why some individuals are more successful than others in the pursuit of excellence, and how individuals can develop their own motivation in order to reach their highest potential.