Alloy Basics
Alloys are a combination of two or more distinct elements (metals) that are blended together to create a solid material with combined characteristics of each metal, such as improved strength, durability and corrosion resistance. Alloys are created to expand upon the properties of individual elements by producing better and more consistent performance than if the elements were used alone. These alloys can be used in a variety of industries including aerospace and automotive, as well as other industrial and commercial applications.
Most alloys are made of metals and metal combinations, but they can also be made with nonmetallic components, such as polymers and ceramics, to form metal-matrix composites. The most common metals used in alloy making are aluminum, magnesium, nickel, titanium, zinc, and steel. when combined, these materials can create the desired metal alloy. These alloys can help to make products stronger, lighter and longer lasting.
Alloys can be divided into two categories: ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals. Ferrous alloys involve iron and contain a high concentration of carbon. These alloys are commonly known as “steel” and are often used in construction, automotive and shipbuilding. Non-ferrous alloys typically don’t contain iron and they include alloys made from copper, aluminum, zinc, and magnesium. These alloys are often used in applications requiring light weight, such as aircraft and electronics.
The advantages of creating alloys include improved strength and hardness, greater wear and corrosion resistance, and enhanced resistance to heat and temperature extremes. Alloys are also more malleable and often lighter than pure metals, making them easier to machine and form into desired shapes.
When an alloy is produced, a variety of processes must be employed to ensure that the right combination of elements are used and an even distribution is achieved throughout the alloy structure. This process, known as homogenization, helps makers achieve the desired properties for their alloy.
In the alloy manufacturing process, it is also necessary to monitor and control the alloy’s temperature, pressure, and chemical composition to make sure it meets the desired specifications. Many alloys are heat-treated or corrosion-treated to enhance their particular properties.
Alloys also have a variety of specific uses as well. For example, steel is widely used in the automotive and construction industries due to its strength and durability, while aluminum is widely used in the aerospace and automotive industries for its low weight and ease of machining.
At their core, alloys are an essential component of virtually every industry, helping to create products and components that are more efficient, versatile and reliable. By blending properties of two or more distinct elements into one material, alloys are able to create a valuable material that can fulfill any need.
