Mechanical Mixtures
Mechanical mixtures are combinations of two or more materials that exist in the same physical state—where all of the components are able to be easily separated. These mixtures are made up of individual solid particles that are suspended in solution or gas.
Some examples of mechanical mixtures include concrete, metal alloys, rubber, and sand. Each of these mixtures has its own unique properties and composition.
Concrete
Concrete is a mixture of cement, sand, water, and aggregate. Cement is the binding material of concrete and usually consists of lime, silica, alumina and other materials. The sand used for making concrete is typically made up of crushed rock particles. Water acts as a catalyst for the cement to set and harden. Aggregate is a generic term for materials such as gravel and stones.
Metal Alloys
Metal alloys are composed of two or more metal elements. These elements are combined to achieve greater strength, corrosion resistance, and various other qualities. Some common metal alloys include bronze and brass (a copper-zinc alloy), steel (a carbon-iron alloy), and gold and silver (depending on the percentage of each).
Rubber
Rubber is composed of several ingredients including vulcanized rubber, carbon black, silica, processing oil, other chemicals, and fillers. Vulcanized rubber is often used in automotive applications, as it provides increased strength and durability. Carbon black is a reinforcing agent to increase wear-resistance and reduce cost. Silica improves heat and cut resistance. Processing oil is used to reduce the effects of friction. Finally, fillers are used to reduce costs, improve appearance, and provide physical and electrical properties.
Sand
Sand is composed mainly of rocks, shells, and other small materials. These particles often include quartz, feldspar, clay minerals, iron oxide, calcium carbonate, and silt. Sand is used for a variety of purposes, including construction, landscaping, and recreational activities. Sand can be used to create a beach or add color to a garden.
Mechanical mixtures provide an ideal way to create materials with the desired combination of characteristics. These mixtures can be used in both industrial and consumer applications. Though they can sometimes be difficult to make and manipulate, they can offer superior performance if done properly.
