Burns
A burn can be caused by any source of heat, such as fire, steam, hot liquids, and certain chemicals. Burns are classified according to the severity of the damage done to the skin tissue. First-degree burns affect only the outer layer of skin and cause pain, redness, and swelling; second-degree burns involve the outer layer and the layer of skin underneath, causing blisters and severe pain; and, third-degree burns involve all layers of the skin, causing white or blackened, charred skin, and may or may not cause pain. First-degree and second-degree burns can often be treated at home, while third-degree burns require medical treatment.
When at home, it is important to remember the acronym RICE, which stands for rest, ice, compression, and elevation. This can help to reduce the amount of swelling and lessen the severity of the pain. Rest prevents the body from exerting itself, which would cause an increased amount of swelling. Ice reduces swelling and numbs the area to aid in pain management. Compression and elevation prevent additional swelling and aid in recovery of the burned area.
It is also important to take certain care with the affected area. The area should be covered with a clean cloth to keep it from becoming contaminated and further damaged by any germs or dirt. The area should also be checked for signs of infection, such as swelling, redness, warmth, and drainage. A doctor should be consulted if these signs are present, or if the pain is unbearable.
Gauze should be placed over the burn, and bandaged onto the skin. Creams and ointments should be avoided, as they can further irritate the burn. Over-the-counter medications can also be used to help with pain management, but should not be used as a substitute for medical care.
If the burn is severe, medical care is necessary. In this case, it is important to go to a local hospital or to a wound care center. There, physicians will be able to assess the damage and recommend a course of treatment. Treatment may include skin grafts, surgical removal of damaged tissue, and procedures such as hydrotherapy.
It is possible to prevent burns before they occur. Some prevention strategies include checking appliances and wires for frayed cords; keeping combustible materials away from heat sources; wearing gloves and other protective clothing when working near heat sources; and using caution when handling hot liquids. Additionally, it is important to keep a fully-stocked first aid kit in the home to treat minor burns.
Burns are serious injuries, and can cause severe pain, scarring, and long-term effects. Recognizing the different degrees of burns, taking measures to reduce pain and swelling, and seeking medical attention when necessary are all important steps to take when treating burns. Preventative measures can also help to reduce the risk of burns occurring in the first place. With these steps, it is possible to help manage and treat burns, and reduce the number of burn-related injuries.
