Introduction
CNC machine tools refer to machine tools that use numerical control technology to provide instructions for motion control of machine tools. The CNC machine tool data involves the theoretical basis of CNC machine tools, the relationship between CNC machine tools and machining technology, the range of CNC machining, the selection of programming methods and parameters, the production and development of components and systems, and the steps of operation and maintenance.
Theoretical Basis
The theoretical basis of CNC machine tools mainly includes the integration of CNC machine tools and processing technology, CNC system architecture and design, power drive and control mode, programming language and technology, cutting process analysis and optimization, processing accuracy, surface roughness and other technical indicators. The development of CNC machine tools is the basis for the development of machining technology. It is necessary to analyze the structure of NC machine tool, investigate the relations and influence among CNC machine tools, machining technology and processing accuracy, and provide a theoretical basis for further research on CNC machine tools.
Relationship between CNC Machine Tools and Machining Technology
NC machining technology is a set of technologies and tools used to control the movement of machine tools. It is the foundation of modern CNC machine tools and their mainstay. The basic elements of CNC machine tools are the NC of the machine tool system, the cutting processes, the control strategy and the tool–workpiece clamping device. Without these four elements in place, a CNC machine tool can’t function. The NC of the machine tool system is the most basic condition, which includes CNC programming language, CNC system architecture, NC control system and its control mode. Machining process is the basis of CNC machining production, which serves as the bridge between the NC motion control and product manufacturing. The control strategy is the way the CNC system simulates the machining process and decides which machining process is to be used.
CNC Machining Scope
The scope of CNC machining covers various workpiece processing, such as turning, boring, milling, grinding, grinding, wire cutting, drilling and so on. For example, turning is mainly used for cylindrical workpieces; milling is suitable for flat, curved and complex surface machining; grinding is mainly used for processing hardened surfaces and extremely small precision parts; wire cutting is mainly used for machining complex parts and holes; drilling is mainly used for the processing of blind holes and countersink holes. Generally speaking, CNC machining has been widely used in the processing of automobiles, ships, aircrafts, aerospace, medical and other industries.
Programming Language and Parameters Selection
Numerical control technology has a variety of programming languages, such as G code, M code and so on. For different processing requirements, the operator should select the appropriate programming language and parameters to meet the manufacturing requirements. G code is the most commonly used language in CNC machining. It is a kind of text programming language, which is mainly used for the information interaction between NC system and operator. After loading the program into the CNC system, the machine tool can process according to the machining process set by the program. Besides G code, M code is also a commonly used programming language in CNC machining. It mainly realizes the control processing of general CNC functions, represents machine state, and is mainly used for non-interactive identification of operators in terms of machining operations.
Component and System Development
The components and systems of CNC machine tools usually include NC system, servo system, spindle system, transmission system, machine tool bed and other hardware and software systems. NC system is the core of CNC machine tool, which mainly includes programming language, control unit, drive system, electricity, system architecture and so on. Servo system is used to drive the main and auxiliary axes of CNC machine tools to move in the right direction and right speed. Spindle system is mainly composed of high speed spindle unit, spindle drive system and spindle transmission system, which normally works with cutting tool system to achieve the purpose of cutting workpiece.
Operation and Maintenance
The operation and maintenance of CNC machine tools mainly includes the daily safety operation, regular maintenance and technical troubleshooting. In daily safety operation, operators should pay attention to observe the operation environment of CNC machine tools, confirm whether the machine tool parameters are set correctly, daily cleaning and maintenance of the machine tool components, and check the lubrication condition of the machine tool. For regular maintenance, operators should check and maintenance the machine tool at a fixed period of time, for example, check the control system, spindle system and transmission system. For technical troubleshooting, if the machine tool fails, operators should find out the root cause and then solve the problem.
Conclusion
In summary, CNC machine tools data involves theoretical basis, relationship between CNC machine tools and machining technology, CNC machining scope, programming language and parameters selection, the development of components and systems, the steps of operation and maintenance. The development of CNC machine tools has provided great convenience for modern machining production and can meet the needs of different fields.
