Steel is one of the most widely used materials in the world. It can be used to make everything from cars to buildings, appliances to ships. Steel is made up of iron and other elements. The elements give steel its strength, ductility and other desirable characteristics. Steel grades are designated by a four-digit number, where the first two digits indicate the primary alloying element(s). The last two digits indicate the approximate carbon content (in thousandths) by weight.
1. GB/T700-2006 Q235B: This type of steel is mainly used in construction and civil engineering. It has a carbon content of 0.12–0.20%, making it a relatively low-carbon steel. It also has a low tensile strength of 360 MPa and a yield strength of 235 MPa.
2. ASTM A283Gr C: This steel grade is mainly used for structural purposes. It has a relatively high carbon content of 0.28–0.50%, but at a lower tensile strength (405–550 MPa) and yield strength (250–350 MPa) than GB/T700-2006 Q235B.
3. JIS SS400: This steel grade is generally used to make structural parts. It has a higher carbon content of 0.45–0.50%, higher tensile strength (490 MPa) and yield strength (400 MPa) than ASTM A283Gr C.
4. ASTM A36: This steel grade is one of the most widely-used in the world. It has a relatively low carbon content (0.25–0.29%) and a higher tensile strength (400–550 MPa) and yield strength (250 MPa) than both GB/T700-2006 Q235B and ASTM A283Gr C.
5. SAE 1020: This steel grade is used for a wide variety of engineering applications. It has a lower carbon content (0.18–0.23%) and a higher tensile strength (400–500 MPa) and yield strength (250 MPa) than ASTM A36.
6. SAE 1045: This steel type is a higher-strength alternative to SAE 1020. It has a higher carbon content (0.45–0.50%) and a higher tensile strength (605–850 MPa) and yield strength (450 MPa) than SAE 1020.
7. SAE 4140: This steel grade is often used in the oil and gas industry. It has a relatively high carbon content (0.40–0.45%) and a higher tensile strength (950 MPa) and yield strength (760 MPa) than SAE 1045.
8. SAE 5160: This steel grade is primarily used for automotive and motorcycle applications. It has a higher carbon content (0.56–0.64%) and a higher tensile strength (860–1130 MPa) and yield strength (680–910 MPa) than SAE 4140.
9. DIN 1.2311: This steel grade is primarily used for injection molding and die-casting applications. It has a higher carbon content (0.35–0.45%) and a higher tensile strength (650–750 MPa) and yield strength (600–700 MPa) than SAE 5160.
10. AISI/SAE 8620: This steel type is often used in the aviation industry. It has a higher carbon content (0.18–0.23%) and a higher tensile strength (860–1100 MPa) and yield strength (680–930 MPa) than DIN 1.2311.
It is important to note that the exact chemical composition of the steel grade can vary slightly from the values listed above. Additionally, not all grades are available in all countries and regions. Therefore, it is important to consult with an experienced steel supplier before ordering.
