Knowledge for the Use of Farm Water Pumps
Farm water pumps are an integral part of efficient irrigation and water management systems in agricultural settings. As such, it is important for users to understand the principles and maintenance requirements of the pumps to ensure optimal performance and service life. To help achieve this goal, the following key points should be remembered when selecting and operating a farm water pump.
First, select the proper size pump for the application. It is important to measure the water flow rate and total dynamic head (TDH) that the pump must be able to handle prior to procurement. The TDH is essentially the total vertical or horizontal distance that the water must be pumped, and is affected by factors such as elevation, open or closed piping system, pipe diameter, and friction loss. If any of these variables change, then the TDH and pump requirements must be recalculated and the pump size adjusted accordingly.
Second, review the conditions for selecting a proper pump. Electric utility-powered pumps should be installed with motors of the correct size, HP, and voltage. For pumps driven by internal combustion engines, the correct operating RPM and fuel type should be specified. Both should offer the minimum of service-related options – i.e. 8 hours of continuous run time, automatic shutoff feature when the pressure drops below a certain level, etc.
Third, review the safety guidelines for pump set-up and operation. Ensure that the pump is always installed with the proper foundation and drain lines, and that the vent stack is at least 4 feet above the ground to allow sufficient air circulation. Avoid allowing water to travel too close to electrical components. Inspect the switchboard prior to operating the pump, and take steps to protect the operators from possible electric shock. Always keep combustible materials away from the pump and engine.
Fourth, remember to maintain the pump and its components in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Particularly for utility-powered pumps, ensure that the impeller, and other operating components, are regularly inspected for signs of wear, such as grooving, cracking, and other irregularities. Replace any components irregularity. Grease the shaft bearings at regular intervals and check to make sure the proper oil levels are maintained.
Fifth, check the water chemistry. Depending on the source, water may contain dissolved or suspended mineral particles or other contaminants. It is important to conduct tests to verify any potential contaminants and consult a professional before making any water chemistry adjustments.
Sixth, properly seal the suction and discharge heads of the pump. Over time, suction and discharge heads can develop leaks due to expanding and contracting of the material components caused by extreme temperatures or pressure build-up. Check periodically, and if necessary, apply additional sealant to maintain the seal and prevent damage to the pump.
By following the points above, users can be assured of maximum efficiency and safe operation of farm water pumps. Through careful selection, installation, and maintenance, the service life and performance of the pump can be extended, and help to ensure a reliable source of water for agricultural purposes.
