Chromium is a naturally occurring element found in rocks, animals, plants, soil, and volcanic dust and gases. It is present in the environment in two forms: trivalent chromium and hexavalent chromium. Trivalent chromium occurs naturally in various minerals and is an essential trace element in our diets, while hexavalent chromium can be released into the environment through industrial processes.
Chromium is a silver-gray, lustrous, and highly corrosion-resistant metal. It has numerous applications in the manufacture of stainless steel, chemicals, pigments, dyes, and other industries. Chromium is also used as an additive for cement and for galvanization in the coating of metals.
Chromium occurs in two main forms: trivalent chromium, which is found in foods like grains and vegetables, and hexavalent chromium, which is created by industrial processes. While trivalent chromium is generally considered to be a vital, essential trace element in our diets, it is the hexavalent form which is a major source of environmental pollution. This is because hexavalent chromium is highly toxic and has been proven to contribute to various health risks and diseases.
Some of the health effects caused by hexavalent chromium can include respiratory issues, asthma, and lung cancer, while long-term exposure to high levels of chromium can increase the risk of liver and kidney damage. In addition, when hexavalent chromium is released into the air, it is easily inhaled and can lead to cases of anemia, emphysema, and other serious respiratory illness. Therefore, it is critical to have proper safety precautions in place to minimize the risk of chromium contamination.
For example, one of the main ways to reduce chromium exposure is to properly regulate industrial processes that release hexavalent chromium and reduce the amount of air pollution into the environment. It is also important to monitor and improve water and soil quality, as chromium can contaminate them as well.
Furthermore, individuals should also take steps to reduce their exposure to chromium by avoiding certain activities like using certain cosmetics and hair dyes that contain chromium. Many of these products have been found to contain high levels of chromium, and even low levels of chromium have been linked to increased risks of cancer.
Overall, the presence of chromium in the environment is a serious issue, as it has been linked to many different health issues. Fortunately, there are steps that can be taken to reduce exposure and limit the amount of chromium contamination. By following proper safety regulations and precautions, as well as avoiding certain products that contain chromium, individuals can help reduce their exposure to this toxic element.
