The Melting Period Technique of Refining Steel
Steel refining is the process by which impurities in the steel are removed in order to create a purer form of the metal. The melting period, during which purified steel is processed and treated, is an important part of steel refining. The correct manipulation of the proper technology during this period is essential to successfully refine steel.
During the melting period, a furnace is set to a specific temperature that is matched to the desired alloying element. Depending on the type of steel being refined, there may be more than one alloying element involved. The molten steel is treated to include the alloy elements in the proper proportions.
Once all necessary alloy elements are added, the liquid steel is stirred vigorously to ensure an even mixture. During this process, a lance or an attribute bar may be used to move the steel around to aid with the stirring action. This guarantees that all the elements come into contact with each other and mix homogeneously.
The stirring process is very important, as it is critical to the temperature control, uniformity, and carbon content of the steel. Improper stirring can cause the steel to become oxidized or burned, resulting in a poor quality product.
After the steel is homogeneously mixed, it is poured into a mold. The mold should be designed special to the application and the configuration of the steel. During this process, it is crucial to use self-releasing agents such as silicone and graphite. These agents help to form an even, dense metal surface and improve the desired properties of the steel.
Once the metal is cooled, it is quenched. Quenching is a process that quickly cools the steel, allowing for the formation of a higher tensile strength than unquenched steel. This is accomplished by placing the metal in a hot bath. The rapid cooling process traps any dissolved elements and also produces a low concentration of retained austenite (a type of ferrite crystal structure), which enhances the hardness of the finished product.
The last step in the melting period is to pass the refined steel through a rolling process. Rolling is used to reduce the thickness of the steel and evenly distribute the chemical composition of the metal. Rolling is also used to reduce stress and improve the surface overall quality. The number of passes depends on the type of steel and its intended purpose.
The melting period is a critical part of steel refining. During this period, the temperature and stirring must be closely monitored to ensure a successful outcome. The addition of proper alloying elements, quenching, and rolling are all important steps towards producing the best possible end product. All of these steps must be completed properly in order to produce the desired grade of steel.
