Carbon Product Terminology

1 Carbon black / furnace black 碳黑 / 熔炉碳黑 Carbon black is a form of elemental carbon, black in color and gritty in texture. The manufacture of carbon black consists of heating heavy hydrocarbon oils such as crude oil or coal tar and then burning it in the absence of air in a furnace. The resulting material is highly porous with a wide range of properties that vary depending on the manufacturing process. The use of carbon black dates back to the prehistoric era when it was used as a pigment as well as an inferior form of printing ink. Through the years, the process of producing carbon black has become more complex with various grades being developed with different properties. 碳黑是一种元素碳形式，颜色为黑色，质地为粗糙。制造碳黑包括煅烧像原油或焦油等重质碳氢化合物并且在熔炉中缺乏空气时燃烧它。因制造过程而不同，由此得出的物质拥有高度多孔性及各种性能。使用碳黑的历史可追溯至史前时期，当时它被用作颜料以及不良的一种印刷油墨。多年来，生产碳黑的流程变得越来越复杂并且形成各种性能各不相同的等级。2 Carbon black-reinforced rubber 碳黑增强橡胶 Mixing carbon black with synthetic rubber improves the rubber’s physicomechanical properties. Heat-resistant carbon blacks increase the rubber’s properties at elevated temperatures due to their stable micro-structure. In the industrial rubber production, carbon black is usually added in the mix to improve its physical properties, such as abrasion resistance, tensile strength, tear strength, flexural strength, and elongation. For this reason, not just the amount of carbon black used, but also its particle size and surface area are important factors in determining the rubber’s properties. 将碳黑与合成橡胶混合可改善橡胶的物理机械性能。耐热碳黑具有稳定的微结构，因而可提高橡胶在升高温度下的性能。在工业橡胶生产中，碳黑常被加入混合物以改善它的物理性能，诸如耐磨性、拉伸强度、撕裂强度、弯曲强度和伸长率。因此，不仅使用的碳黑量重要，而且碳黑的颗粒大小及表面积也是影响橡胶性能的重要因素。3 Carbon black-filled polymers 碳黑填充聚合物 To improve the properties of polymers, filling or compounding with carbon black is sometimes necessary. The primary purpose of adding carbon black to a polymer is usually to improve insulation properties and electrical properties and extend operational lifetimes, although improvement in mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, compressibility and wear strength have also been observed. As a filler, carbon black can be used in various types of polymers, including those used in engine and drive train plastic components, mechanical rubber components and insulation materials. 用于改善聚合物的性能时，往往需要用碳黑进行填充或复合。添加碳黑到聚合物的主要目的通常是提高绝缘性能及电器性能，延长使用寿命；尽管也发现机械性能的改善，如硬度、拉伸强度、压缩性及磨耗强度。作为填料，碳黑可用于各类聚合物，包括引擎及驱动系统塑料零件、机械橡胶部件及绝缘材料。4 Carbon black-based carbon fiber 碳黑碳纤维 Carbon fiber is a high strength, light weight material made from a mix of several elements, including carbon and carbon black. Carbon fibers are used for applications that require a high strength-to-weight ratio materials. The Carbon black based carbon fiber is manufactured using an advanced process in which the carbon black is heated in an inert atmosphere to produce a precursor fiber that is further processed to become the final product. It is mainly used as a structural reinforcement material in aircraft and automobiles, and in other engineering applications such as construction and bridge building. 碳纤维是以几种元素混合而成，包括碳及碳黑的高强度轻量材料。碳纤维常用于具有较高强度/重量比的应用中。碳黑碳纤维是透过先进的流程生产，将碳黑在惰性气体中加热以生成前驱纤维，进而被进一步处理成最终产品。它主要用于飞机及汽车等结构补强材料，及其他如施工及桥梁建设等工程应用。5 Carbon black-based carbon nanotubes 碳黑碳纳米管 Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are microscopic tubes of carbon atoms that are created by carbonizing a hydrocarbon molecule such as graphite or other organic materials at high temperatures. They are incredibly light and strong, and have potential applications in a myriad of fields. Currently, CNTs are being produced from both single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes. Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have recently been produced using carbon black as the starting material. The carbon black used is usually highly dispersed, which results in MWCNTs with increased surface area, improved dispersion in polymer matrices, better electron field emission properties and significantly improved oxidation resistance. 碳纳米管（CNTs）是由高温碳化石墨或其它有机物质创造出的由碳