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ASTM A965M-1997 Pressure and High Temperature Components Forgings in Austenitic Steel
ASTM A965M-1997 is an industry-wide pressure and high temperature components forging standard for the austenitic steel. It contains general requirements, product selection guide and material specifications for components produced by forging, shaping metals by heating and forcing under confined pressure. It is applicable to forging method and to forging materials with austenitic composition and to austenitic forging components covered herein. This standard covers forging material properties, forging methods, dimensions and tolerances, forging dimensions, dimensions of finished parts, acceptance criteria for material and forgings and heat treatment requirements for austenitic forging components.
ASTM A965M-1997 is applicable to austenitic forgings made from commercially available hot- or cold-finished round, flat and irregular shapes in accordance with the ANSI/ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section I, Part 4, or other applicable Codes. These forgings are intended for use in pressure and high temperature components in air and in nitrogen and other inert gases. The standard applies to austenitic forgings produced with any of the following four ANSI/ASME approved forging methods:
Hand forge
Machine forge
Drop forge
Pressure die forge
The size of forgeable components covered in this standard may vary from one-quarter inch up to larger than fifty inches, depending on the particular alloy. Forgings in the higher range of sizes will require special considerations.
The materials specifications for austenitic forgings covered by ASTM A965M-1997 are mainly based on AISI/SAE Type 403 and Type 420 steels. Depending upon the intended application or part being produced, a higher grade of steel may be required such as AISI/SAE Type 430, Type 440C, or Type 431. Type 321H or 347H are also permitted types of austenitic steel.
The required properties and acceptable limits of austenitic forging materials must conform to Table 1 in the standard. The material must have a minimum hardness of Rockwell “C” 25 or HRC 22. The maximum allowable hardness is HRC 45, with a maximum allowable carbon content of 0.8%. The maximum hardness of austenitic forged products shall be measured by reverse impact test.
To meet the dimensional and tolerance requirements of ASTM A965M-1997, a drop-forging operation must conform to standard machine-type tolerances, as well as ANSI/ASME B1.9 and B1.10. The surface finish requirements specified by the standard require the forged part to have smooth surfaces with uniform grain flow, free of cracks, laminations, pits, and other locking features. Surface finishes as required by the code are also included in the standard.
Product acceptance criteria specified by the standard include mechanical, dimensional and physical testing, as well as hardness, magnetic permeability and conductivity tests. The standard also requires a test coupon to be taken from the sample forging established according to the ASTM standard. As part of the inspection process, both visual examination and non-destructive testing by magnetic particle inspection, radiographic and ultrasonic testing are recommended.
ASTM A965M-1997 provides uniformity of requiring requirements for austenitic forgings used for pressure and high temperature components and also covers heat treatment of the forges parts. The standard outlines the general requirements for forgings materials, manufacturing method, required product testing, product acceptance standards and other related requirements for austenitic steel forgings. It is essential for manufacturers and purchasers of austenitic steel forgings to know and apply the requirements of the ASTM A965M-1997 standard for pressure and high temperature components and to ensure the quality of austenitic forgings in their operations.
