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In the early 1950s, scientists began exploring the concept of a semiconductor as a potential replacement for metallic materials in electrical devices. The key idea was that a semiconductor could offer improved electrical properties compared to its metal counterparts. But no one could predict how great of an impact this discovery would have on society today. Today, semiconductor components are essential in a countless number of everyday devices. From cellular phones to HD televisions, semiconductors are the foundation on which almost all modern technology is built.
When it comes to semiconductors, there is one particular element that stands out from all the rest. Silicon, or Si, is arguably the most significant and widely used semiconductor material in the world. Its importance is highlighted by one simple fact—most electronic components are either made of pure silicon or contain a few other elements in combination with silicon. This is due in part to the fact that silicon is abundant, making it cost-effective. Additionally, the properties of silicon can be altered with the introduction of just a few extra elements, allowing it to be used in a variety of different applications.
One of the most important properties of silicon is its ability to conduct electricity. When electricity is passed through a pure silicon crystal, the electrons are able to move freely throughout the crystal lattice. This is important because it allows silicon to be used in many electronic components, such as transistors and diodes. As the electrons are bumped around within the silicon crystal, the flow of current can be regulated or leaned in one direction, depending on the direction of the electric field. This is what makes silicon such an important material for semiconductor components.
Another interesting property of silicon is its ability to absorb light energy. When light energy strikes the surface of a silicon crystal, its electrons are pushed around. This creates an electric current within the crystal, which can then be used to power electrical devices. This phenomenon, known as the photovoltaic effect, is the basis of most solar cells.
Silicon is also very useful in the production of integrated circuits. Integrated circuits are essentially miniature electronic devices that are built directly onto a silicon chip. By combining multiple components onto one chip, these circuits allow manufacturers to produce much smaller and more efficient devices. This is why almost all modern electronic devices are now built within integrated circuits.
The importance of silicon cannot be understated. Its unique properties make it the perfect material for the production of semiconductor components. Without silicon, most of the electronic devices that have come to define modern society would not be possible.
