Equity Financing
Equity financing is the process of raising capital for a company by offering shares in the company in exchange for cash investments. Equity financing is commonly used for startup companies, early stage companies and those companies not large enough to issue debt securities.
The traditional method of equity financing is the sale of shares from the company’s existing shareholders to new buyers. This is known as a “secondary offering” or simply an “initial public offering” (IPO). The sale of shares is overseen by a broker-dealer and the proceeds of this sale are used to provide capital to the company.
There are also other methods of equity financing such as venture capital, private equity and angel investments. Venture capital is money that is provided by private investors or venture capital companies to high-potential, high-growth start-up companies or established companies that are looking to expand or restructure their business.
Private equity is similar to venture capital, but the difference is that private equity involves the investors taking an ownership stake in the company and becoming involved in the day-to-day operations. Angel investors are typically wealthy individuals that are interested in investing their own capital in early-stage companies in exchange for equity or other forms of compensation.
Equity financing is typically more expensive than debt financing because the investors are taking on more risk. Since the investors are not guaranteed any return on their investment, there is a higher cost of capital for the company. Equity financing also requires more management time and effort for due diligence and negotiating terms with the investors.
In addition, if the company has existing shares, issuing additional shares will reduce the current shareholders’ percentage of ownership. This can potentially make their shares less attractive to other potential investors or cause disagreements among the shareholders themselves.
Despite its drawbacks, equity financing is a key source of capital for many companies, especially those in their early stages or those that do not qualify for traditional bank or debt financing. It is also a way for entrepreneurs to maintain control over the company, while having the additional funds necessary to expand and finance growth opportunities.