Mining ventilation design is a complex process, as it has to consider the complex interplay between air composition, concentration of contaminants and workers health in the underground and surface areas of the mine. The purpose of ventilation is to control the concentration of contaminants in the air, such as dust, gas, gas vapour and chemicals, and to improve the safety and comfort of workers. Generally, ventilation design is made for underground mines by considering the following key elements:
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics is an important factor which should be considered to regulate the miners’ exposure to airborne contaminants. The aerodynamics of a mine must be understood, taking into account the layout, occupation, and characteristics of the mine in order to prevent the concentration of pollutants in the underground environments. Further, the aerodynamic qualities of fans and ducts must also be considered when designing a ventilation system, as these can influence the air movement and distribution.
Air Quality
Mines should be ventilated to an adequate level in order to maintain air quality and protect the miners’ health. The different characteristics of the air flow, the concentration of concentration of contaminants and its contamination sources, must be investigated and understood in order to control the level of exposure workers have to airborne pollutants.
Air Temperature and Relative Humidity
Temperature and relative humidity may also be important factors to consider when designing a mine ventilation system. High temperature and relative humidity in a mine can cause discomfort to workers and in some cases even health hazards. Moreover, these two factors should also be taken into account when planning the layout of the ventilation system.
Air Velocity
Air velocity is an important factor to consider when designing the ventilation system. It should be noted that the air velocity affects air distribution, and the regulated velocity should be maintained for the desired effectiveness of the ventilation system.
Fresh Air Supply
Properly designed ventilation systems should ensure that there is an adequate supply of fresh air inside an underground mine. This is necessary to reduce workers’ exposure to pollutants in the mine. It is also important to note that the air must be supplied in the right place, in the right amounts, and at the right times, in order to maintain the necessary levels of fresh air.
These are just a few of the factors to consider when designing a mine ventilation system. Depending on the type of mine, other factors may need to be taken into account, such as natural ventilation, pressure relationships between the mine and surface, methane emissions, and heat dissipation. In any case, the design of a mine ventilation system requires a thorough understanding of the mine, in order to ensure the safety and comfort of the miners.
