Liquid lubricants are those which are composed of liquids. They may be refined mineral oils, synthetic oils, emulsions, suspended solids, or any other liquids which reduce friction and wear.
The majority of liquid lubricants are composed of organic compounds derived from petroleum sources. These compounds often contain complex mixtures of hydrocarbons, sulfur compounds, detergents, polymers, and other components. The relative proportions of these compounds determine a lubricant’s properties.
Petroleum-based lubricants are generally divided into four classes: mineral oils, greases, synthetics, and emulsions. Each of these types has specific lubricating characteristics which make them suitable for different applications.
Mineral oils are those derived from petroleum distillation. The process of refining petroleum products yields an assortment of petroleum fractions with differing properties. These fractions can be used as is, or further refined to yield specific products for specific applications.
Greases are thick oil-based lubricants which contain a thickener (oil and clay, wax, or soap). The thickener helps the lubricant to remain in place so that it can provide better lubrication. Grease also forms a protective coating against dirt and moisture.
Synthetic oils are composed of non-petroleum based organic compounds. The development of these products has been spurred by the need to improve on petroleum-based lubricant performance in extreme conditions.
Emulsion lubricants are composed of oil and water. The addition of water helps to create a lubricious coating, but can also cause rust and corrosion if not properly maintained and monitored.
Liquid lubricants are used in a variety of applications. Commonly they are used in automotive, aircraft, and industrial machinery. They are also essential in gaskets, seals, and other components which require lubrication.
Using the correct type and formulation of liquid lubricant will help to ensure optimal performance and longevity of machinery. It will also ensure that operation is conducted in a safe and efficient manner.
In order to select the correct lubricant, it is important to accurately identify the application requirements and operating conditions. This information can be used to determine the type and formulation of lubricant which will perform optimally in the specific application. It is also important to consider the desired lubricant life, any local environmental conditions, and the compatibility of the lubricant with the materials present in the system.
The most important step in using liquid lubricants is proper maintenance and monitoring. Monitoring the lubricant’s condition can help detect signs of trouble, such as discoloration, odor, or poor performance. If problems occur, the best action is to replace the lubricant with a new one.
In conclusion, liquid lubricants can be used to reduce friction and wear between two surfaces, improving performance and longevity of machinery. Proper selection and maintenance of lubricants is essential to ensure optimal performance.
