when selecting a cutting fluid for a machining operation, the material of the workpiece is an important factor. Cutting fluids can be made up of a variety of products and formulations, so choosing the proper one is vitally important to the success of the operation.
The most common cutting fluids are water–based and oil-based. Each type has its pros and cons, so it is important to consider which one is best for the job at hand.
Water-based cutting fluids are the most common type of cutting fluid used, typically on ferrous metals. They are made up of complex emulsions of mineral oil, surfactants, and corrosion inhibitors. This type of fluid is generally inexpensive and very effective in removing heat from the cutting zone and lubricating the tool. The downside is that water-based fluids do not have good lubricity properties and can create a lot of foaming.
Oil-based cutting fluids are more viscous than water-based fluids, but can be more effective in lubricating the tool and the workpiece. They contain a thicker base oil, and sometimes additional corrosion inhibitors. Oil-based fluids tend to be more expensive than water-based fluids, and create more smoke, but they provide superior cooling and lubricating abilities.
In addition to water- and oil-based cutting fluids, there are various synthetic fluids that are used. These are typically made from polyglycols, esters, and polyalkylene glycols. Synthetic fluids are more expensive than water-based or oil-based fluids, but tend to provide superior cooling and lubrication properties.
When selecting a cutting fluid for a machining operation, the material of the workpiece is an important factor. For ferrous metals, a water-based solution is typically used due to its affordability, but oil-based and synthetic fluids can be more effective depending on the application. It is important to analyze the type of material, the type of operation being performed, and the performance requirements before selecting a cutting fluid.
In addition to selecting the proper cutting fluid, proper maintenance and storage of the fluid is just as important. All cutting fluids should be stored in a cool, dry area, and should be inspected regularly for signs of deterioration or contamination. The fluid should be replaced when it is no longer efficient or has exceeded its shelf life. Proper maintenance of cutting fluids will help ensure its performance for the life of the machining operation.
