Seamstresses and Tailors use a variety of seaming machines to sew various types of fabrics and stitching. Understanding the different types and structures of these machines can help ensure that the sewing job is done properly and easily.
Lockstitch Sewing Machine
The most common type of seamstress’s machine is the lockstitch sewing machine. This type of machine utilizes a plain bobbin case, a rotating shuttle, and two threads. The machine makes a lockstitch by alternating a top thread and a bobbin thread in an interlocking pattern. This type of machine comes in hand-operated, electric and computer-guided models.
Chainstitch Sewing Machine
The chainstitch sewing machine is used to sew strong and durable seams. The machine has two needles that alternate to create a continuous interlocking loop. The chainstitch is typically used on jeans, buttonholes, and other thicker fabrics.
Overlock Sewing Machine
The overlock sewing machine is similar to the lockstitch sewing machine, but it uses two or more threads and works at a higher speed. The machine is typically used to finish the seams of knitted garments and to join separate pieces of fabric together.
Walking Foot Sewing Machine
The walking foot or compound-feed sewing machine is a combination of an overlock machine and a walking foot. The machine is typically used for sewing heavy fabrics such as canvas, leather, denim and upholstery. Like an overlock machine, the walking foot sews with two or more threads, but it is equipped with a compound feed system that helps sewer maintain control over the fabric.
Zigzag Sewing Machine
The zigzag sewing machine is a specialty machine. It can be used to create decorative edges or to stitch stretchy fabrics. It is a lockstitch machine that is equipped with a zigzag shuttle, or shuttle that moves in a zigzag pattern. The machine is capable of creating a wide variety of decorative stitches, depending on the type of needle and thread used.
Buttonhole Sewing Machine
The buttonhole sewing machine is used to make buttonholes. It is a specialized machine that utilizes a single thread and an adjustable throat plate to make even buttonholes. The machine is typically used to make uniform and consistent buttonholes in garments.
Serger Sewing Machine
A serger sewing machine, also known as an overlock machine, is used to sew professional-looking seams. The machine utilizes a blade over the fabric, which trims away excess fabric as it sews. The machine is typically used on knit fabrics and is able to stitch and trim multiple layers at once.
The seamstresses and tailors of today need to be knowledgeable on a wide variety of seaming machines and techniques in order to sew quality garments. Understanding the various types and the structures of each machine can help the sewer create a beautiful and strong seam.
