12Cr1MoV steel (normalized) non-metallic inclusions

Introduction

12Cr1MoV steel is a steel alloy with carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorous, sulfur and chromium. It is also referred to as 12Cr1MoV steel or 12Cr1MoV stainless steel. This alloy is often used in manufacturing components for pressure vessels, boilers, and steam turbine blades. It is an alloy that provides superior heat, wear and corrosion resistance.

Composition

12Cr1MoV steel contains the following elements: carbon (0.15-0.25%), manganese (0.6000-1.00%), silicon (0.3000-0.6000%), phosphor (0.030-0.085%), sulfur (0.030-0.070%), and chromium (0.900-1.20%). Other trace elements such as nickel, molybdenum, and vanadium may also be present in varying amounts. In addition to these elements the alloy may include non-metallic inclusions such as sulfides, silicates, and oxides.

Strengths and Weaknesses

12Cr1MoV steel has a very good combination of strength and ductility. It can be hardened through quenching and tempering and possesses excellent mechanical properties. The alloy is temper resistant and offers good weldability and formability. Its corrosion resistance relies heavily on its chromium content and is enhanced by the presence of non-metallic inclusions.

Heat Treatment

12Cr1MoV is most commonly treated with quenching and tempering. Quenching involves heating the material to a predetermined temperature before rapidly cooling it to harden the alloy. This process is followed by tempering which involves re-heating the alloy to lower temperatures to improve the material’s hardness and ductility.

Conclusion

12Cr1MoV is a chromium-molybdenum alloy steel with excellent mechanical and corrosion resistance. It is most commonly used for applications in pressure vessel and steam turbine components. Non-metallic inclusions such as sulfides, silicates, and oxides further enhance the alloy’s properties. 12Cr1MoV is treated through quenching and tempering which hardens the material and improves its ductility.

12Cr1MoV Steel (Normalizing)

12Cr1MoV steel is a type of low-alloy hot rolled steel used in structural components and forging parts, with a normalizing heat treatment. Due to its superior strength, creep resistance and good oxidation resistance, this type of steel is widely used in high temperature applications in power plants and petrochemical industries.

12Cr1MoV steel is composed of iron, carbon, silicon and other alloying elements. Its chemical composition consists of: 0.12-0.15% Carbon, 0.9-1.2% Manganese, 0.5-0.8% Silicon, 0.45-0.6% Chromium, 0.25-0.35% Molybdenum, 0.04-0.09% Vanadium, ≤0.20% Phosphorus, ≤0.035% Sulfur, ≤0.015% Nitrogen, ≤0.50 % Aluminum, 0.30-0.50 % Titanium and 0.60-1.00 % Copper.

During the normalizing process of 12Cr1MoV steel, the metal is heated to a temperature of 870-950℃ and then cooled to a temperature below 540℃. This helps to improve the strength and hardness of the steel while maintaining good workability and ductility. The tensile strength of this steel can reach 800MPa and normalizing can improve its anti-fatigue property.

The mechanical properties of 12Cr1MoV steel are impacted by the non-metallic inclusions which can weaken its structure and consequently reduce the properties of the steel. Non-metallic inclusions consist of sulphides, oxides, nitrides and aluminum-silicates, among others. Therefore, the non-metallic inclusions must be controlled in order to ensure that the steel is in compliance with the established technical standards for steel components.

In conclusion, 12Cr1MoV steel is a versatile material that can be used for many high-temperature applications due to its superior strength, creep resistance and good oxidation resistance. Its mechanical properties can be further improved through normalizing. However, the presence of non-metallic inclusions can reduce its properties and must be properly controlled.