Research on Interference Processing Algorithm of CNC Turning Cutting Tools
Abstract
In the field of computer numerical control machining, the influence of cutter-workpiece interference on the machining efficiency and workpiece accuracy has become a difficult problem to be solved urgently. Its appearance not only affects the machining efficiency of the workpiece, but also causes the length of the cutting tool to vary, seriously increasing the difficulty of machining and the cost of the tool. At present, the relevant research on machining interference mostly focuses on the mathematical model, the cutting force of interference, the cutting force control of interference, and the research of cutter-workpiece mutual clearance during machining. In this paper, from the aspects of cutting tool diameter, tool nose radius, detail of cutting edge and blade, etc., a reasonable cutting tool interference processing algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm improves the accuracy of the workpiece and the machining efficiency of the workpiece.
Keywords: cutting tool, interference, processing algorithm
1 Introduction
Interference phenomena often occur in cutting operations, which cause the chip to curl and stick to the cutting tool, which in turn causes the cutting tool to vibrate and increase the force effect on the cutting tool. At the same time, due to the chip entanglement, the workpiece surface cannot be machined accurately, and the stability of the cutting tool will be affected. According to research statistics, the interference of the cutting tool is one of the main reasons that reduce the efficiency of the workpiece and the service life of the cutting tool.
In CNC machining, cutting tools are used to machine workpieces. It is necessary to consider the interference of cutting tools in order to realize efficient machining. To this end, scholars have done a lot of research. Xu Xuemei et al. proposed a method of interference identification based on the incremental method. The method of using the rough level cutting operation of the workpiece to identify the occurrence of the cutting tool interference [1]. Senasi et al. proposed a preprocessing experiment and post-correction control strategy to reduce the influence of small interference on CNC processing [2]. Wanghua et al. proposed an improved psogga algorithm for processing of cutter-workpiece interference [3].
However, current research on machining interference does not consider the cutting tool parameters, which is not feasible for CNC machining. Aiming at this problem, this paper makes a research on the interference processing algorithm of computer numerical control turning cutting tools from the aspects of cutting tools, tools, tools and tool blades.
2 Interference Processing Algorithm of CNC Turning Cutting Tools
2.1 Proper selection of cutting tool diameter
The selection of the cutting tool diameter is related to the strength and stiffness of the tool and the machining allowance. Generally speaking, the larger the cutting tool diameter, the better the strength and stiffness performance of the tool, and the larger the chip area and chip removal time. However, if the cutting tool diameter is too large, the curvature radius of the blade tip may cause interference, and the machining time is too long, which will reduce the machining efficiency. Therefore, a reasonable selection of the cutting tool diameter according to the material of the workpiece is the key to interference processing.
2.2 Selection of tool nose radius
The selection of the tool nose radius is related to the interference degree, machinability and requirement of the workpiece. Generally, the larger the radius of the tool nose, the better the surface roughness of the workpiece, the better the cutting force distribution, and the increased cutting resistance will reduce the cutting speed and extend the machining time. On the other hand, if the radius of the tool nose is too large and the interference is too small, it will affect the machining quality of the workpiece, and the effect of the chamfer on the cutting force will become more obvious. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the number and shape of the chip groove of the tool by preliminary experimental analysis and mathematical calculation according to the machinability of the workpiece and the interference of the cutting tool.
2.3 Detail of cutting edge and blade
When the cutting tool is machining the workpiece, the accuracy of the cutting edge and the blade can affect the cutting force, machining quality and sleep time of the cutting tool, which in turn affects the machining accuracy of the workpiece. The main influencing factors include the shape of the cutting edge, the number of reticulate of the blade, the orientation of the blade and the cutting force, and the surface shape of the blade. If the shape of the cutting edge is improper, it will easily cause chattering of the machine tool and an abnormal sound. If the reticulate angle of the tool blade is too small, it will reduce the penetration power of the cutting edge and affect the cutting effect. When machining the workpiece with a large force, if the cutting edge does not have a certain inclination, it will cause slip out of the blade and affect the machining accuracy of the workpiece.
2.4 Summary
The cutting tool interference processing algorithm of CNC turning cutting tools mainly includes four aspects: the selection of cutting tool diameter, the selection of tool nose radius, the details of cutting edge and blade, and the cutting force of interference. Through reasonable selection, design and processing of cutting tools, not only the machining accuracy of the workpiece can be improved, but also the machining efficiency of the workpiece can be improved.
References:
[1] Xu Xuemei, et al. Research on Cutting Tool Interference Identification Based on Incremental Method[J]. Mechanical Design & Manufacture, 2017, 36(1): 94-98.
[2] Senasi, et al. Preprocessing experiment and post-correction control strategy for small cutting tool interference effect on CNC drilling[J]. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2019,100(9-12):3503-3513.
[3] Wang Hua, et al. Improving PSO-GGA Algorithm for Processing of Cutter-Workpiece Interference[J]. Journal of Computational Mathematics & Mechanics,2016, 2(2): 24-27.
