Deep Brain Stimulation: Introduction to DBS and Its Neurological Uses
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an innovative form of therapy used in the treatment of neurological disorders, such as depression, Parkinson’s Disease, and Essential Tremor. The therapy uses low-power electrical currents to target abnormally functioning brain regions and stimulate them into a proper functioning state. Understanding exactly how DBS works and the different effects it has on the brain can provide significant insight into how the therapy can be used in the treatment of a number of neurological disorders.
The electrical currents used in DBS are generated by a surgically implanted medical device, known as a neurostimulator, which is composed of a small generator, an integral electrode, and a power source. The electrical currents created by the neurostimulator are directed through the electrode which is placed close to the brain region of interest. The electrode then acts as an intermediate between the device and the target tissue. Depending on the type of procedure and its aims, the placement of the electrode may vary. It can be placed in any one of the structures of the brain, such as the thalamus, the substantia nigra, the globus pallidus, the subthalamic nucleus, or the hippocampus. By making the necessary connections, the neurostimulator then can be used to influence the activity of a particular brain region or circuit.
When the electrical currents are delivered to the target region of the brain, it causes the release of neuromodulators, such as dopamine and glutamate, which are essential for proper brain functioning. Video game-like tasks, such as manipulating a joystick, can be used to assess the effects of the stimulation. These tasks usually require coordinated eye and hand movements which are disrupted in patients with neurological disorders and can be improved when DBS is applied.
By using DBS, it is possible to improve the symptoms of neurological diseases and significantly improve the quality of life for those suffering from it. There are a number of common issues that can be treated with DBS, such as uncontrollable movements and disabilities caused by strokes, Parkinson’s Disease, Essential Tremor, and various other conditions. While the exact way in which DBS works is still largely unknown, scientists have a better understanding of its general effects on the brain and continue to make breakthroughs in both its diagnostics and treatments.
In summary, deep brain stimulation is an innovative and highly effective form of therapy that has a wide range of both diagnostics and treatment capabilities. It is an attractive form of therapy that can have a significant impact on the quality of life of those suffering from various neurological conditions. Although the exact mechanisms of DBS are still largely unknown, scientists continue to make advances in the field of neurological treatments and potential applications of DBS. The history of DBS hopefully continues to improve as it may prove to be a viable alternative to existing therapies for neurological disorders in the near future.
