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There are primarily three types of lance heads found in electric arc furnace: Standard Lance, Shielded Lance and Fused Lance.
Standard Lances are the most commonly used lance heads in electric arc furnaces. These lances are composed of a carbon steel tube with a tungsten tip, and the lance is connected to the furnace via a flexible, insulated conduit. The standard lance provides an oxygen stream to the furnace and allows for the heating of the charge material to the desired temperature.
A Shielded Lance is similar to the standard lance but has an additional shield covering the tungsten tip. This shield deflects slag away from the furnace and reduces the thermal losses caused by burning or oxidizing of the charge material. The shield also has the potential to dramatically increase the overall efficiency of the furnace by reducing the amount of energy required to control the oxygen flow.
Fused Lances consist of a single forged piece of material with a tungsten tip. The additional alloying elements within the single piece contribute to superior thermal properties, higher oxidation and burning resistance, and a longer lifetime. Fused lances are often applied to electric arc furnaces operating with special process requirements, such as solid state melting, slit casting, ladle treatment, and more.
In conclusion, electric arc furnaces utilize lances to provide an oxygen stream to the furnace and to control the charge material temperature. Standard lances are the most commonly used, while shielded lances and fused lances are also available for operations with special process requirements.
