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Gravity separation is an important and effective method for heavy-medium selection. Gravity selection is actually a combination of sedimentation, inertia and gravity of a solid particle in a flowing fluid formed by a comprehensive action effect. It works based on the difference of specific gravity of the two kinds of materials, generally taking heavy media as the gravity medium. This method has the advantage of simple structure, low cost, low environment pollution, stable and reliable operation and so on.
Gravity separation process is mainly composed of jigging machine, chute, spiral plant, hoisting machine and screeners, etc. Heavy medium selection process uses crushed ore as raw material, and adopts jigging process as one of the main processing methods. After the ore is crushed to an appropriate size, it is fed into the jig. Heavy medium (magnetite or ferrosilicon particles) is added from the upper part of the jig tank to form a single or multi-layer medium layer according to the actual situation, and then ore is fed from the ore outlet. With the reciprocating vertical movement of the jig surface and the oscillating water flow, the ore and the ore feeding can be relatively moving. Under the action of water flow, heavy medium and specific gravity are used to separate the gangue from heavy medium and qualified ore from bottom to upper discharge from concentrate throat.
Heavy-medium scission is widely used in coal, nonferrous metal and other industries. Its ideal scission work is the selective separation of the quartz and slate in coal. The angular particles of quartz and slate are dissociated by the layer of medium, and the quartz is discharged from the tailings.
Heavy-medium selection can be used to process relatively large amount of ore and can also be used for coarse-grained materials, and can achieve good separation. Therefore, its application range is very wide. It can separate coal, nonferrous metal ore, etc., and can also separate light impurities from sand, and then get high-grade material. In the process of gold mining, it can be used to select qualified gold ore by using gold ore and gravel as heavy medium.
In summary, gravity separation is a kind of effective and simple method for heavy-medium selection. Its structure is simple, its operation is stable, and it has less environmental pollution. In addition, it has the advantages of wide application range, low cost and low operation cost, so it is widely used in ore dressing operations.
