Thickness Measurement – Its History and Use
Thickness measurement is a way of determining the thickness of flat, curved, or complex shapes. It is a key aspect in manufacturing and engineering, as thickness limits may need to be accurately measured and observed for the end product to function correctly or meet statutory requirements.
The principles and techniques for thickness measurement have evolved over the centuries. In 1714, Gabriel Fahrenheit invented an instrument called the Psycho-Plantimeter for measuring thicknesses of paper or leather. In 1820, M. Mathieu of Paris developed a device to measure the thickness of steel plates. This device became known as the Mathieu gauge.
The first electrical gauge for thickness measurement was invented in 1855 by Anatoly L. Schiewe. This gauge measured the resistance of the material being tested, rather than the distance between the two points.
In 1889, Ferdinand Ritter von Guericke created the first practical, portable thick-ness measuring instrument. This device featured two flat anvils placed on either side of the material being tested. A micrometer screw was used to measure the distance between the anvils and therefore the thickness of the material. For the next century, this design would remain the same with modifications being made only to the calibration, accuracy, and portability of the device.
Today, there is a broad range of technologies used to measure thickness. These include but are not limited to analog dial micrometers, optical microscopy, laser micrometers, ultrasonic thickness gauges, eddy current inspection, and digital contact probes.
The application of thickness measurement is diverse and can be found in a wide range of industries. It is especially essential in the fields of quality control and non-destructive testing. Examples of applications include the verification of protective coating thicknesses on nuclear reactors and ships, the measurement of an automobile body’s corrosion protection, and the sizing and control of window glass thickness. Additionally, thickness measurements can also be used to ensure objects conform to specific tolerance and safety standards, such as detecting a smoothness consistency of a honeycomb panel surface material.
In recent years, the reliability and accuracy of thick-ness measurement have vastly improved. This is due to the development of technological advances such as high-precision digital contact probes, increased use of non-destructive testing, and automated infrared scanners.
Thickness measurement is a key element of quality control and manufacturing, ensuring that products meet safety requirements, perform correctly, and remain durable over time. Its history is one of constant innovation and evolution, leading to the sophisticated tools used to measure thickness today.
