1. Modular Design: Modular design can refer to the process of breaking down a complex system into multiple parts or modules that can be used to create a more efficient and effective system. Modules can also refer to components of machinery, such as individual cogs in a gear.
2. Standardisation: Standardisation is the practice of using standard measurements, components and manufacturing processes to reduce the cost and complexity in a manufacturing process. Standardisation also helps improve the efficiency and reliability of a process by making it less susceptible to variation in the materials and conditions used in the manufacture.
3. Tolerance: Tolerance is the level of variation that can be tolerated in the components used to construct a system. A designed system has to account for the amount of variation a component experiences due to environmental effects such as temperature, vibration or pressure.
4. Stress Analysis: Stress analysis is the process of assessing the stress levels in a system and how the design can be affected by them. This process can involve calculating the amount of stress that a component or system is likely to experience in different conditions and scenarios.
5. CAD/CAM systems: CAD/CAM systems are the computer-aided design and manufacturing systems used to design, analyze and detail manufacturing processes. The software used in these systems can account for the complexity of individual processes and make manufacturable components to a much higher level of precision.
