Industry Standard Specification English-Mechanical(2)
Engineering Mechanics
1. Deflection - Deflection of a mechanical structure is defined as the displacement, either vertical or horizontal, that the structure experiences when a load is applied.
2. Stress - Stress is defined as the internal resistance to a load or force. Stress occurs in all elements of a machine and is calculated based on the components of the force, including normal and shear forces, as well as tension and compression.
3. Vibration - Vibrations are defined as changes in the speed or direction of movement of a mechanical element caused by the application of an external force. Vibrations can be caused by any number of factors, including resonance, air currents, mechanical contact, imbalance, and fatigue.
4. Torsion - Torsion is defined as the twisting of an object due to a torque applied to it. It is measured in terms of either a pure torsion moment or a torsion angle.
5. Hardness - Hardness is defined as the property of a material that resists deformation, abrasion, and other wear. Hardness is measured according to different scales such as Rockwell, Vickers and Brinell, each of which has its own distinct measuring range and tolerance.
6. Fatigue - Fatigue is defined as the gradual degradation of a mechanical component due to prolonged exposure to a cyclic loading. This is typically caused by excessive use, improper design or improper maintenance.
7. Corrosion - Corrosion is defined as the degradation of a material due to its exposure to an aggressive environment, such as the presence of oxygen, water or other chemical agents.
8. Friction - Friction is defined as the resistance of surface elements that are in contact with each other due to transverse forces. The magnitude of friction will depend on the surface elements, the materials involved and the amount of energy applied.
9. Wear - Wear is defined as the gradual removal or displacement of material from a mechanical element due to a sliding or rolling motion. It is characterized by a deterioration of mechanical performance, especially a decrease in the load capacity.
10. Tolerance - Tolerance is defined as the acceptable difference in dimension or parameter between two mating components. This is typically expressed as a percentage deviation from the desired value, and must be considered when designing any machine.
