Groundwater Investigation of Surface Water Intake Structures
Groundwater is an important source of drinking water and represents an important component of the global water cycle. Groundwater is also a key ecological resource, sustaining both human and natural communities. As a result, understanding the characteristics of groundwater and its role in the water cycle is of critical importance for water resources engineering and management.
Surface water intake structures for collecting and controlling the flow of groundwater are typically used in engineering projects to facilitate access to groundwater for drinking water, irrigation, power generation, and other uses. The purpose of this groundwater investigation is to examine the hydrological characteristics and physical properties of groundwater around a proposed surface water intake structure. The investigation will provide relevant data that can be used to estimate the capacity of the proposed structure, determine appropriate design parameters, and identify any potential impacts on the surrounding environment.
The investigation will include sampling and analysis of the regional groundwater table and includes a detailed subsurface exploration of an area extending a minimum distance of 10 meters (33 feet) away from the proposed water intake structure. Geophysical logging data and sediment core samples will be collected and analyzed to measured the physical and geochemical properties of the subsurface environment.
Groundwater samples will be taken at different depths in order to establish any changes or variations in water quality and quantity. Samples will be collected in sterile sampling bottles and preserved according to standard methods to prevent contamination and decomposition of the sample. Hydrological logging with special instrumentation and direct observation for various parameters will be conducted to determine water quality and flow in the selected area.
In addition, natural and artificial recharge/discharge locations will be identified and studied to document the effect of groundwater flow from and to the proposed structure. Recharge/discharge locations will include locations where surface water and surface runoff can enter and leave the groundwater system, such as streams, canals, and surface water drainage basins.
Field measurements, such as groundwater level, water quality, and flow rate, will be gathered to develop a comprehensive understanding of the subsurface environment surrounding the proposed intake. Additionally, a numerical model will be employed to gain insight into the hydrological characteristics of the local area. The model will be used to determine the extent of potential surface water infiltration in the surrounding region, as well as any potential changes in the groundwater recharge and discharge characteristics before and after the proposed structure is constructed.
The study design also involves collection of data from hydrological surveys, including surface water flow and quality, to compare conditions before and after the installation of the proposed structure.
Finally, the environmental effects of the proposed structure will be evaluated, and a detailed assessment of the potential impacts on the local ecosystem will be made. The study will consider potential impacts such as the changes to the aquatic ecosystems due to changes in flow characteristics, changes in water quality parameters, and potential effect on land cover and land use.
This comprehensive groundwater investigation will provide critical data and information that can be used to select an appropriate design of the surface water intake structure and ensure that it meets all the necessary regulatory requirements. Furthermore, data gathered in the investigation will contribute to the knowledge base and understanding of regional groundwater systems, thus providing a foundation of to future groundwater studies.
