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Liquid-liquid separation is a process that is used to separate two or more liquids with different properties. This process can involve the use of separators, which are physical or chemical separations or combinations of the two. Separators can be used to separate three or more phases, including liquid-solid, liquid-liquid, and gas-liquid. Separators can be stationary or mobile and involve solids, liquids, or both. Statutory separators are typically used for permanent installations and are often used for permanent applications in the process industry. Mobile separators involve the use of equipment that is transported from site to site and can involve the transfer of liquid, solid, or both.
A variety of techniques are used to accomplish liquid-liquid separation, with centrifugal processes, coalescers, and foam separation techniques representing the most common. Centrifugal techniques use centrifugal force to separate two liquids with different densities. In this process, the two phases are brought into contact within the separator. As the centrifuge rotates, the force generated by the spinning causes the separation of the phases, one of which is ejected out of the vessel, while the other remains.
Coalescers are used to achieve liquid-liquid separation by combining the two phases and allowing them to rapidly coalesce. The coalescence process involves the coalescence of the two liquids, resulting in the formation of a greater amount of droplets. The two displacing phases are then forced to merge, resulting in a separation of the two distinct phases. Coalescers can also involve the use of a coalescing agent that is added to the phase to be separated, resulting in the formation of larger, more cohesive droplets.
Foam separation techniques involve the use of a foam medium, such as air bubbles, to separate two liquids with different characteristics. In this process, the foam medium is created by introducing air or pressurized gas into the vessel containing the liquids and then spinning the vessel at high speeds, creating the foam. The foam then performs the separation by forcing lighter liquids to the upper layer, while heavier liquids are forced to the bottom.
In addition to permanent and mobile separators, liquid-liquid separation can also involve the use of filters and membranes. Filters are employed to remove small particles or to separate two or more liquids, while membrane separators are usually employed to separate particles by size, allowing only particles of a certain size or a narrow range of sizes to pass through.
In addition to their wide variety of uses in the oil and gas industry and the chemical industry, liquid-liquid separation is also employed in wastewater treatment plants. Here, the liquid-liquid separators are used to remove oil, and other hydrocarbons, from wastewater, as well as to reduce levels of suspended solids that could otherwise foul downstream equipment.
Overall, liquid-liquid separation is a process that is widely applicable across many industries. From the chemical industry to wastewater treatment, the process can be used to separate liquids with different properties, allowing one to efficiently recover effluents.
