Introduction
Humans have used iron-based metals since prehistoric times. Both ferrous and non-ferrous metals play a large part in modern society and many different types of iron-based alloys are known. Iron-magnesium-chromium alloys are relatively new but are becoming increasingly important. They combine a number of properties that make them highly desirable for many applications.
Ferrous Metals
Ferrous metals, made from iron and alloyed with other elements, are by far the most popular metals used by humans. They have a multitude of different uses, from everyday items like cans and car parts, to highly specialized materials for use in industries like aerospace.
The most common type of ferrous metal is carbon steel. This is a combination of iron with up to 2% carbon, alongside other elements. Steel is incredibly strong and flexible and is used in many ways, from everyday items like cutlery to heavy-duty structures like bridges and skyscrapers.
Non-Ferrous Metals
Non-ferrous metals are those that do not contain iron. Aluminium is the most common type, used mainly for its light weight, strength and excellent corrosion resistance. Copper and brass are also popular, both prized for their electrical and thermal conductivity.
Alloy Development
The development of the iron-magnesium-chromium alloy, which is also known as FeMgCr or IMC, came about as a result of research into new materials for highly demanding applications. The alloy combines excellent mechanical properties, good thermal and electrical conductivity, and corrosion resistance.
Components & Applications
Initial applications of FeMgCr were in the aerospace and defence industries. Components made from the alloy are used in highly technical applications such as rocket and gas turbine engines. The alloy is also becoming increasingly popular in the automotive industry, used to make components for engines, exhaust systems and brake discs.
The combination of toughness, strength and heat resistance makes FeMgCr ideal for bearings, actuators and valve components. It is also used to make medical implants and components for the nuclear power industry. The non-toxic nature of the alloy makes it suitable for surgical instruments as it does not leach out toxic materials.
Manufacture & Processing
To ensure consistency, FeMgCr is produced in pre-machined semi-finished components. Both powdered metallurgy and casting processes are used. Depending on the application, the alloy can be subject to thermal treatment, welding and machining processes. These have to be carefully controlled to ensure the structural and mechanical integrity of the material.
Conclusion
Iron-magnesium-chromium alloys have revolutionized the field of materials engineering. Their combination of properties has revolutionized many industries, from the automotive to the aerospace. As technology advances, it is likely that we will see increased use of this new class of metal alloys.
