Research Progress of Nanocomposite Coating Technology
Abstract
Nanocomposite coatings are a type of advanced coating technology widely used in various fields due to its excellent performance and simple processing. In recent years, many studies have been focused on the application prospects and synthesis of nanocomposite coatings, such as improving its anti-wear, anti-corrosion, anti-oxidation, light reflection and other properties. This paper summarizes the research progress of nanocomposite coatings from four aspects of the principles and structures, synthesis methods, coating properties and engineering applications. It can provide a reference for further study of nanocomposite coatings.
Keywords: nanocomposite coating; synthesis methods; coating performance; application
1. Introduction
Nanocomposite coatings refer to coatings with nanoparticles as fillers and macromolecular organics as main matrix resin. This kind of coating technology has the advantages of excellent corrosion resistance, wear resistance and thermal stability. It also has the advantages of low processing temperature and process simplification. It has been widely used in various fields such as electronic engineering, electrical engineering and construction decoration. Because of the wide range of applications and the optimization of other properties, nanocomposite coatings have become the focus of peoples research.
2. The principles and structures of nanocomposite coatings
The nanocomposite coatings are usually composed of matrix resin and fillers. Generally, the filler is an inorganic nanomaterial which includes nanoparticles, nanowires and nanofibers. Depending on the composition, the nanocomposite coating can be divided into different types, including hybrid nanoparticle-polymer composite coatings, hybrid nanofiber-polymer composite coatings, carbon nanotube-polymer composite coatings, and so on. They all have a certain structure. For example, hybrid nanoparticle-polymer composite coatings are composed of organic matrix resin and nanoparticles. The organic matrix resin provides mechanical strength to the coating, while the nanoparticles can improve the mechanical and thermal properties of the coating. In order to meet the needs of application and development, researchers also develop artificial multilayered nanocomposite coatings with several layers. Each layer can play different roles according to the performance requirements of the film.
3. Synthesis methods of nanocomposite coating
Common methods for synthesizing nanocomposite coatings can be divided into in situ synthesis methods and post-synthesis methods. In situ synthesis methods refer to the assembly of nanoparticles in the coating at the same time as the coating is prepared, such as wet paint coating and electrostatic spraying. The post-synthesis method refers to the addition of nanoparticles into the organic matrix resin after the formation of the organic matrix resin coating, such as sol-gel method and electroless plating. Although both methods can form nanocomposite coatings, they have their own advantages and disadvantages. For example, in situ synthesis methods have the advantages of simple process and low cost, while post-synthesis methods have better controllability and higher compatibility.
4. Coating performance of nanocomposite coating
The performance of the nanocomposite coating is determined by many factors, including the type and amount of filler, the number and thickness of layers, the type of matrix resin, and the processing technology. For example, if the filler amount is increased, the friction coefficient of the coating will be reduced. The wear resistance of the nanocomposite coating can be improved by adding a wear-resistant layer. The type of matrix resin determines the mechanical and thermal properties of the nanocomposite coating. And the processing technology has a great influence on the surface shape and surface quality of the coating.
5. Engineering applications of nanocomposite coating
As a kind of high performance coating, nanocomposite coatings have been widely used in many engineering fields. For example, in the field of civil engineering, nanocomposite coatings are used for medical instruments, automobile and aerospace components and tools. In the field of electronics and electrical engineering, nanocomposite coatings are used for computer components, communication equipment and electrical appliances. In the field of optical engineering, nanocomposite coatings are used for antireflection and heat insulation. In the field of machining, nanocomposite coatings are used for high-speed cutting tools and advanced high efficiency machining.
6. Conclusion
Nanocomposite coatings are a type of advanced coating technology widely used in various fields due to its excellent performance and simple processing. This paper summarizes the research progress of nanocomposite coatings from four aspects of the principles and structures, synthesis methods, coating properties and engineering applications. It can provide a reference for further study of nanocomposite coatings.
