Specifications and allowable deviations of copper and copper-zinc solder

Copper and Copper-Zinc Solder Specifications and Allowable Variations The soldering process is used to join two pieces of metal together using a metal alloy such as copper and copper-zinc solder. The quality and strength of the weld depend on the type of solder used, the technique employed, and the materials selected. The following information will review the specifications and allowable variations of copper and copper-zinc solders. Copper Solder Specifications Copper solders are available in various alloys with their own set of properties. The alloy should be selected based on the specific application and the joint type, as well as the metals that are being soldered, as different thicknesses and textures may be required. Commonly used copper solders are red or blue brasses (86.5–89% copper, 10–13.5% zinc), yellow brasses (70–81% copper, 19–29.5% zinc), and silicon brasses (60–65% copper, 33–36% silicon, 1–3% zinc). The solder can also have nickel, iron and lead added to the composition to produce various properties. In general, copper solders melt at temperatures between 818 °F (435 °C) and 1135 °F (615 °C). Allowable Variations When selecting copper solders, there are certain allowable variations in the composition that should be taken into account. Copper solders should never contain more than 4% lead and, ideally, less than 2%. Additionally, no corrosive elements such as sulfur and phosphorus should be present, and care should be taken to ensure that all hazardous elements are kept to a minimum. Any other elements added to the copper solder should not exceed 0.5% of the total weight. Copper-Zinc Solder Specifications Copper-zinc solders are similar to copper solders, but with a fraction of zinc added to the alloy. This yields a range of different characteristics, as the zinc content modifies the melting and soldering temperatures, as well as the mechanical and electrical properties of the joint. Commonly used copper-zinc solders contain 97.5% copper and 2.5% zinc, while some alloys can also contain tin, lead and other elements. Copper-zinc solders usually melt at temperatures between 570 °F (300 °C) and 845 °F (455 °C). Allowable Variations When selecting copper-zinc solders, it is important to consider the following allowable variations. The zinc content should never exceed 5% by weight, and the maximum allowable lead content should not exceed 2%. Additionally, no hazardous elements should be present, and any other elements added to the solder should not exceed 0.5% of the total weight. Conclusion Copper and copper-zinc solders are indispensable materials for the soldering process, allowing for the connection of two or more metal pieces. The type of solder used and the technique employed will determine the quality and durability of the joint. When selecting copper and copper-zinc solders, it is important to consider the applicable specifications and allowable variations in order to ensure the best outcome.