Aluminium electrochemical production
Aluminium is one of the most commonly used materials in the world and is used in a vast array of products. Due to its strength and light weight, aluminium is ideal for use in construction, transport and other industries. The production of aluminium is an energy intensive process and one method of producing aluminium is through electrochemical production. This process has been used for more than 150 years, and it involves passing a direct electrical current through a molten electrolyte, usually containing aluminium chloride (AlCl3).
The electrolyte is usually created by mixing anhydrous aluminium chloride with an appropriate amount of lithium chloride or sodium chloride, as well as some other salts to assist in the production process. The electrolytic cell must be cooled with refrigerants, or an electrolyte heated to ensure an efficient process. A direct current is then passed between the two electrodes in the cell, with the metal aluminium collecting on the cathode and the chlorine gas collecting on the anode.
The metal aluminium is then cast into moulds and cooled, forming aluminium ingot. The aluminium ingots can then be processed further for specific applications, including for use in aerospace and other industries.
Despite its impressive efficiency, the aluminium electrochemistry process is not without its drawbacks. The process requires large amounts of energy, which can be expensive and could increase carbon emissions depending on the energy source. Additionally, since aluminium chloride is highly corrosive, the equipment used in the process must be made of materials such as stainless steel or nickel-based alloys. Additionally, the presence of chlorides in the electrolyte can lead to corrosion of the anode and also the generation of hydrogen gas, which can be problematic if not managed correctly.
Despite these drawbacks, the aluminium electrochemistry process has proven to be a reliable and efficient way to produce large volumes of aluminium. The process is relatively cheap and has the potential for further advances, including for use with renewable energy sources. As such, aluminium electrochemistry remains an important method for producing aluminium and continues to be used in many industries.
