The Iceberg Model - A Deeper Look
The Iceberg Model is a concept formulated by Trevor Maggart that outlines the seven layers of complexity in any software product or system. By breaking down a system into its most fundamental components and examining each layer comprehensively, an overall understanding of its architecture and design can be achieved. The model is called the Iceberg Model because, typically, when trying to describe or explain a complex system, only the top layers of an iceberg can be seen above the surface. Much of the system lies beneath the surface, where it is not visible.
The seven layers of complexity make-up the Iceberg Model – the Base Layer, the Frameworks Layer, the Interfaces Layer, the Services Layer, the Business Layer, the Interaction Layer, and the User Layer. Each layer is discussed in detail below.
The Base Layer is the foundation of the system, and is responsible for the physical layout of the hardware, as well as providing power and support for the entire system. It is also responsible for communication between the other layers of the system, and for hosting any necessary databases and services. In terms of hardware, the Base Layer typically consists of servers, networks and other peripherals.
The Frameworks Layer builds on the Base Layer, and provides underlying services and technologies that are used throughout the entire system. This includes frameworks and programming languages, such as Java, Ruby on Rails, and .Net, as well as software development kits, such as Android and iOS.
The Interfaces Layer builds on the Frameworks Layer, and is responsible for the presentation layer of the system. This is where user interface elements such as buttons, windows and text are created. This layer is also responsible for communication between the user and the system, as well as for handling user input.
The Services Layer is responsible for providing additional services that the system may need to utilize. This layer provides services such as authentication, authorization and data storage, as well as web services, such as those offered by Amazon Web Services.
The Business Layer is responsible for the business logic that drives the system. This includes things like billing, user management and data analytics. This layer is also responsible for making sure the system stays up-to-date and secure.
The Interaction Layer provides a way for the user to interact with the system. This layer provides a bridge between the user and the rest of the system, and is responsible for handling user requests and processing output.
Finally, the User Layer is responsible for the user experience of the system. This layer is responsible for providing a pleasing and intuitive user interface, as well as providing user feedback and support.
Through the use of the Iceberg Model, one can gain a comprehensive understanding of the architecture and design of any system. This approach makes it easier to troubleshoot, develop, and maintain the system. By breaking down the architecture of a system into its most basic components, one can gain an overarching understanding of the system and how it all fits together.
