Metallic materials are those that are composed primarily of metallic elements and are important engineering materials used in a broad range of applications. These materials are highly conductive, thermally and electrically; they have remarkable strength and stiffness, relatively low cost, easy manufacturing, and good compatibility with other materials.
Metallic materials are subdivided into two main categories: ferrous and nonferrous. Ferrous materials are those composed primarily of iron and its alloys, while nonferrous materials are those composed primarily of metals other than iron and its alloys. In addition to these two categories, some metals may be grouped as special alloys. These materials are further divided into specific classifications, such as copper and copper alloys, stainless steel, electrical steel, aluminum, copper-based superalloys, nickel-based superalloys, and titanium-based alloys. Common ferrous materials and alloys include iron, carbon steel, stainless steel, and tool steel. Common nonferrous metals and alloys include titanium alloys, aluminum, magnesium, and copper, zinc, brass, and bronze.
The different properties of metallic materials are the result of their varied metallurgical compositions. Metallurgy is the study of the properties and structure of metals and their alloys, and the processes used to manufacture them. This information is used to select or develop materials in order to meet specific requirements. Compositions are often modified by adding other elements such as other metals, carbon, and oxygen, in order to increase strength, corrosion resistance, and other physical properties.
Metallic materials can be machined, cast, or forged into various shapes and sizes. Machining involves the removal of material from a workpiece using cutting tools. Casting involves shaping molten metal into a desired shape, usually by pouring it into a mold. Forging involves pounding and shaping metallic material with a hammer or press. These processes are all used to meet specific demands with regard to shape, size, and complexity of the finished product.
Metallic materials are used in a variety of industries, including the aerospace, automotive, industrial, and medical. These materials are used in a wide range of applications, including structural components, piping systems, welding, fasteners, tools and dies, and machined components. The specific features of a metallic material, such as its strength, ductility, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and machinability, as well as its ability to be formed and welded into a desired shape, all come into consideration when selecting the right material for a given application.
Metallic materials and components are the foundations for many industrial processes and the backbone of manufacturing. The metals used in modern manufacturing have undergone considerable refinement in their metallurgical compositions, resulting in improved performance, strength, and reliability. Other advancements in the field of metallurgy have further improved their performance, making them the material of choice for many applications. Knowing the specific properties and applications of metallic materials is important in order to select the most suitable material for any given job.
