Forging and pressing technique
Forging and pressing are both manufacturing processes that involve shaping metals into components. Although they involve similar processes, there are some key differences between the two. The primary distinction is that forging involves the use of tools to shape the material while pressing uses pressure alone to deform the material.
Forging refers to processes that involve changing the shape of metal using tools such as dies, hammers and presses. The metal is placed between two dies and then pressure is applied, either through a press or by hammering, to shape it into the desired form. During this process, independent heat is not required as deformation of the metal creates its own heat. Forged components can have complex shapes and precise features, which is why it is sometimes referred to as “intelligent manufacturing”.
In contrast, pressing is a process whereby the metal is placed in a press and forced into the shape of a die. Unlike in forging operations, this process doesn’t involve the use of hammers or any other tool, just direct pressure. This process often requires a separate heating step beforehand, and it is capable of forming components with thin walls. This makes pressing often more suitable for mass production as it can be automated.
When it comes to classifying forged components, they are typically divided into four categories: open die forgings, impression die forgings, seamless rolled rings and mandrel forging. Open die forging is carried out using a hammer and anvil, which creates components with simple geometries that do not require precise features. Impression die forgings are carried out using a hammer and a die and employ tight tolerances for more intricate geometries, often for automotive components or machinery. Seamless rolled rings involve mounting the metal within a mandrel and then rolling it to the desired shape. Lastly, mandrel forging is a process involving pre-forming of the component with a hammer before it is placed in a die and pressed to yield the desired shape.
The choice between forging and pressing will depend on the specific component and its requirements. Forging usually offers better component strength and provides better control in terms of geometry and tolerances. On the other hand, pressing often yields more precise and intricate parts while providing a faster, more automated production process with low cycle times. It is important to consider each process and analyze various parameters such as cycle time, component complexity, strength requirements and production runs in order to choose the best option for each component.
