1. Incoterms: Incoterms, also known as “International Commercial Terms”, are a set of internationally recognized trade terms used in conjunction with international sales contracts. Incoterms are designed to help importers, exporters, lawyers and transport companies understand clearly which tasks, costs, and risks belong to which party involved in the international transaction.
2. FCA – Free Carrier: An agreement under which the seller delivers to the buyer once the buyer has been designated a carrier, said carrier being agreed upon by both parties. The seller is responsible for the costs of loading the cargo and the buyer is responsible for unloading the cargo.
3. FAS – Free Alongside Ship: An agreement in which the seller is responsible for the cost of loading the cargo onto the vessel at the port of loading, but all risks and costs relating to the transportation of the cargo are transferred to the buyer.
4. FOB – Free On Board: An agreement in which the seller is responsible for the cost of loading the cargo onto a vessel, but the buyer is responsible for any risks and costs associated with the transportation of the cargo.
5. CIF – Cost, Insurance and Freight: An agreement in which the seller is responsible for the cost of loading the cargo onto a vessel, the costs of insurance and transportation, but the buyer is responsible for the risks and costs of unloading the cargo.
6. CFR – Cost and Freight: An agreement in which the seller is responsible for the cost of loading the cargo onto a vessel, the cost of transportation, but the buyer is responsible for the risks and costs of unloading the cargo.
7. EXW – Ex-Works: An agreement in which the seller is responsible for making the cargo available at their premises, but no other services or costs are included in the agreement. All risks and costs associated with the transport of the cargo are transferred to the buyer.
8. DDU – Delivered Duty Unpaid: An agreement in which the seller is responsible for the transport of the cargo up to its final destination, but the buyer is responsible for all duties and taxes.
9. DDP – Delivered Duty Paid: An agreement in which the seller is responsible for the costs of loading the cargo onto the vessel, the cost of transportation, the cost of insurance and the cost of duties and taxes. All risks and costs associated with the transport of the cargo are transferred to the seller.