Selection of Bearings
Bearings are mechanical components used extensively in many industries, including automation and robotics. Bearings provide a low-friction interface between two parts of a machine, allowing them to move or turn with less effort. When selecting a bearing for a particular application, it is important to consider several factors, including operational load, environmental conditions, and installation constraints. This article will discuss the basic principles for selecting the right bearing for an application, and provide tips for choosing the best bearing for a job.
Load Capacity: Start by determining the bearings load capacity. Bearings are categorized by their load rating and design type, and each category can handle a certain amount of radial (side-to-side) or axial (up-and-down) force. If the bearing is subject to substantial movement or vibration, be sure to utilize a bearing with a higher load capacity than the manufacturer recommends.
Environments: Depending on its environment, the bear needs to be corrosion resistant, temperature resistant, clean, and lubricated. Many bearings are stainless steel and can withstand harsh environments, while others require special lubricants to reduce friction and protect the bearing from debris.
Installation Constraints: Bearings are available in a variety of sizes, shapes, and materials, so carefully consider its installation constraints before making a purchase. Some bearings may need to be slid into an opening, others may need to be bolted, and others need to be welded in place.
Spherical or Cylindrical: If the bearing must fit into a space with a curved shape, such as a rollers or circular object, a spherical bearing is necessary. A cylindrical bearing is a better choice for when there is no curved shape to follow.
Types of Bearings: For applications that require a high level of precision, it may be beneficial to invest in Rolling Element Bearings, which use a series of steel balls which roll between two surfaces to reduce friction and lower forces. If the bearing will be exposed to significant rotational or axial forces, Thrust Ball bearings are a better option. They are designed to withstand heavy thrust loads and can effectively redirect force in one direction. Needle Roller Bearings are popular in applications where high dynamic loads are present, thanks to their low cross-sections and high radial load capacity.
Lubrication: Bearings must be regularly lubricated to reduce friction, maintain accuracy and increase the life of the bearing. Oil-based lubricants work best under high temperatures, and grease based lubricants are better in cold temperatures. For example, oil-based lubricants are ideal for electric motor bearings, while grease is better for the treadmill and other exercise equipment.
The selection of a bearing will depend on the environment, the load capacity needed, and the type of motion or motion direction that the bearing must handle. Selecting the right bearing depends on understanding the details of the application and making sure that the bearing meets the environmental and load requirements. By following the tips in this article, you will be able to select the best bearing for your application and ensure long-term, high-performance operation.
