，文章内容是针对起重机变幅轮横轴断裂进行的分析，需要涉及Causes, NDE, Analysis and preventive measures的内容。
Analysis of Cross Shaft Breakage of Spreader Wheel on Crane
Introduction
A crane is a type of equipment used to move heavy objects into different positions and locations. Cranes are equipped with wheels, gears and other components to allow them to move without significant strain on the operator. Cranes are used to transport heavy loads and materials in industries like construction, engineering, oil and gas and other similar industries. One particular part of a crane that is important for its efficient operation is the spreader wheel or cross shaft. The spreader wheel or cross shaft is responsible for providing stability and preventing lateral movement of the load during crane operations.
Causes
Breakage of the spreader wheel or cross shaft is a common problem that can occur in cranes. The main cause of breakage is fatigue due to the cyclic loading on the wheel during operation. This cyclic loading can causes it to weaken and eventually lead to failure. Improper maintenance and usage, as well as malfunctioning components can all contribute to the breakdown of the wheel. Poor lubrication can also cause the wheel to wear down quickly, resulting in breakage.
Non-Destructive Examination (NDE)
When it comes to detecting and diagnosing any problems with the spreader wheel or cross shaft, non-destructive examination is essential. Ultrasonic testing (UT) is widely used for testing both the wheel and cross shaft. UT is useful for inspecting parts for defects that are not visible to the naked eye and can be used to pinpoint the cause of the breakage or failure. The UT inspection is often done in conjunction with visual inspections, so that the inspector can determine the underlying cause of the failure and prevent future incidents.
Analysis
Once the cause of the breakage or failure has been identified, the wheel or cross shaft can be analyzed to determine the correct course of action. Usually, the wheel or cross shaft must first be removed from the crane in order to perform an accurate analysis. Once removed, the wheel can be inspected for any signs of wear, damage or excessive wear. It can then be inspected for cracks or other defects that may have caused the failure.
Preventive Measures
Once the cause of the breakage or failure has been identified, preventive measures can be taken to avoid future issues. Proper maintenance and usage procedures should be followed at all times to prevent the wheel from weakening. Proper lubrication and inspections should be performed regularly in order to maintain the wheel and prevent it from becoming too weak. If any defects are detected during the inspection, these should be repaired immediately in order to avoid any further issues.
Conclusion
Breakage of the spreader wheel or cross shaft is a common issue that can occur in cranes. In order to prevent any future failures or breakdowns, routine maintenance and inspections should be performed. Non-destructive examinations are useful for identifying any underlying issues or defects with the wheel or cross shaft. Once the cause of the breakage or failure has been identified, corrective actions can be taken in order to avoid any further problems. By following these preventative measures, the risk of future breakdowns can be minimized and ensure the safe operation of cranes.
