The incinerator is a kind of thermal waste treatment equipment which relies on the oxidation and thermal decomposition of the combustible components in waste to achieve the purpose of achieving waste reduction and waste. It plays an important role in urban environmental protection and resource utilization.
The incinerator is composed of a combustor, a flue gas purification system, an ash removal system, a flue gas residual heat recovery system and an instrument control system. The operation of the incinerator is a continuous, automated process.
The first step in the incineration process is the burning of solid waste in the combustor of the incinerator, through which the combustible components of the waste are changed and the energy released. During the burning process, high temperatures and oxidation cause the waste to be broken down into slag and ash and combustible gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and steam. The burning can be divided into two stages: the initial stage and the post-combustion stage.
In the initial stage of the burning process, the pollutants are decomposed by high temperature oxidation, and the smoke and unburned particles released by the combustor are discharged into the flue gas purification system after preheating processing. The flue gas purification system is composed of equipment such as a cyclone, a dedusting device, an electrostatic precipitator, a bag filter and a wet purification device.
The dedusting device of the flue gas purification system usually adopts a single-tube fixed bed, the cyclone is set in the flue, and a bag filter is added at the end of the flue. The electrostatic precipitator can capture and capture particles as small as 0.1um. The wet scrubber is used to absorb, neutralize and adsorb acid gases such as sulfur dioxide and nitric oxides in the flue gas.
The ash generated by the combustion is continuously sent to the ash removal system by the conveying device. The ash removal system forms a closed ash removal loop and consists of a conveying system and a separation system. The ash removal is usually carried out by a screw conveyor, a mud scraper and a conveyor belt. The separation system mainly includes a cyclone, a mechanical separator and an electromagnetic separator. This system can separate slags and light particles from the ash, and can realize secondary combustion to improve the combustion efficiency of the combustor.
The flue gas residual heat recovery system mainly uses a heat exchanger to recover the heat of the flue gas, mainly to reduce the waste of fuel energy, improve the system efficiency, reduce the discharge of pollutants, use the recovered heat and cold resources, and reduce the cost of users.
The instrument control system is composed of an integrated control cabinet, a three-dimensional automatic monitoring system, a fully-automatic combustion monitoring and control system and a flue gas analysis system. This system is mainly used for the control of the incinerators combustion, ash removal and flue gas pollution.
In general, the incinerator is an energy-saving, environmentally friendly and resource-saving equipment which plays an important role in urban environmental protection and resource utilization.
来源：毕业论文网
