Introduction
Tin smelting, also known as lead and tin smelting, is classified as a secondary nonferrous metal smelting method. It uses a forced short-process smelting process technology to smelt tin. The short-process smelter is called a short type furnace or a short type furnace. The abbreviation is referred to as a furnace. The furnace smelting process is an energy-efficient smelting method with lower cost than the long-process smelting process and strong anti-pollution ability. It is suitable for the smelting of tin and its alloys, as well as gold, silver, and lead. In the metallurgical industry, it has been gradually adapted and accepted.
The Structure of Short-Process Smelter
The structure of the short-process smelter is simple, and the operation is also relatively simple. It is composed of a furnace body, a furnace cap, a furnace head, a furnace pot, a furnace bell, and a charging door. The furnace body is made of heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant refractory materials, and is manufactured and assembled in stringent accordance with the welding process. The furnace head is dome-shaped, made of heat-resistant refractory material, and is connected to the furnace top by steel support. The furnace pot is a ceramic tube connected to the furnace head through ceramic pipes. The furnace bottom is connected to the furnace body, and the coil is connected to the energy source at both ends.
The Working Principle of Short-Process Smelter
When tin is smelted in a furnace, first accumulator is inserted into the charging port, and then the temperature of the furnace is slowly increased to a certain temperature (the set value is determined by the model of the furnace). At this time, the moisture in the furnace is volatilized, and the ore and other solid materials are decomposed. After the set temperature is reached, the tin is melted into a liquid in the furnace, and heated by heating coils, and then flows out along the ceramic tube of the furnace pot, and is collected in a steel container. Then, the molten tin is cooled and solidified into a ingot for subsequent use.
Operation Process of Short-Process Smelter
1. Measurement and control of environmental indicators: temperature, pressure, dew point and other environmental indicators in the furnace should be ensured within a reasonable range through uniform monitoring.
2. Adjustment of furnace temperature: Adjust the furnace temperature according to the set temperature and the actual temperature in the furnace.
3. Electric heating control: Control the temperature and heating power of the furnace according to the temperature and actual smelting capacity.
4.Carry out the charging operation: Put the ore, flux and other materials into the furnace in sequence.
5. Addition of slag layer: The slag layer should be added during smelting, which can avoid the direct contact between the molten tin and the crucible wall and protect the refractory material from corrosion.
6. Collection of molten tin: Cool and solidify the molten tin with water jacket, and then collect the solidified tin ingot for later use.
Conclusion
Short-process smelting is an important process for smelting tin and its alloys. It has the advantages of higher production efficiency and higher economic benefit compared with long-process smelting. In the metallurgical industry, it has gradually adapted and accepted. However, the operation of short-process smelting should pay attention to the safety of human and material, and the temperature and pressure control in the furnace should be strictly controlled to ensure the safe and efficient operation of tin smelting.
