Abstract
This specification covers general requirements for wrought stainless steels and heat resisting steels in the form of bars, billets, blooms, and forgings for general requirements. The steel shall conform to chemical composition requirements, in which cost-effectiveness shall be considered in addition to mechanical properties and formability. The material shall be tested for mechanical properties to ensure conformance to desired properties. In addition, heat treatment shall be done as required and shall be subject to specified requirements.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers general requirements for wrought stainless steels and heat resisting steels in the form of bars, billets, blooms, and forgings for general requirements. The terms used in this specification have been defined in Terminology A 29/A 29M.
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound (ip) or SI units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values based upon inch-pound units shall be considered standard. The values in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this specification.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 240/A 240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for General Applications
A 276 Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
A 314 Specification for Stainless Steel Billets and Bars for Forging
A 368 Specification for Stainless Steel Wire Strand
A 435/A 435M Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Plates
A 479/A 479M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure Vessels
A 484/A 484M Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings
A 511 Specification for Seamless Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing
A 554 Specification for Welded Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
A 790/A 790M Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe
A 831/A 831M Specification for Single- or Double-Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe
3. Ordering Information
3.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that are necessary for material ordered under this specification. Such requirements may include, but are not limited to:
3.1.1 Specification designation and date of issue,
3.1.2 Grade (Table 1) designation,
3.1.3 Application,
3.1.4 When desired, additional and/or special requirements such as temper, size range, thickness, length, width, specified mechanical properties, and certification requirements,
3.1.5 Special tolerances,
3.1.6 Cut length (see Section 8), coil and sheet form (see Section 9), and
3.1.7 Amount of distortion that may remain in the material when formed (see 11.1.1).
4. Chemical Composition
4.1 The chemical composition requirements shall be determined by analysis of the heat. The chemical analysis shall be performed by one or a combination of the following methods: electric fusion, open-hearth furnace, electric furnace, or consumable electrodes. The chemical analysis shall be determined from a sample taken from the heat of the material being supplied. The chemical composition of the material shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1. The carbon content shall be determined by the electric resistance method.
Table 1—Chemical Composition
Element Composition, %
Carbon 0.15 max
Manganese 2.00 max
Phosphorus 0.045 max
Sulfur 0.030 max
Silicon 0.75 max
Nickel 8.00–10.50
Chromium 17.00–19.00
5. Mechanical Properties
5.1 Chemical Analysis—The material shall conform to the required chemical composition as specified in Table 1.
5.2 Tensile Test—The material shall conform to the required mechanical properties as shown in Table 2.
Table 2—Mechanical Properties
Tensile Strength, ksi (MPa)[ksi]
0.2% Yield Strength, ksi (MPa)[ksi]
Elongation in 2 in., or 50 mm, min
60 (415)
35 (240)
30
6. Heat Treatment
6.1 Normalize and Tempering—The material shall be solution annealed and tempered at temperatures as specified by the purchaser. The solution annealing and tempering shall be performed in accordance with Section 9 of Specification A 2/A 2M. Hardness tests shall be made in accordance with Section 13 of Specification A 2/A 2M.
7. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance
7.1 Hot-Worked Steel—Hot-rolled steel shall have a smooth and sound surface free from harmful defects. The surfaces of the bars, billets, and slabs shall be reasonably free from mill scales and rolling scars, fire cracks, and surface ruptures.
7.2 Cold-Drawn and Ground Steel—The material should provide a cold-drawn and ground steel surface having a lustrous finish. The material shall be hot-rolled prior to cold-drawing.
8. Dimensions, Mass and Permissible Variations
8.1 Dimensions and Mass—The dimensions, mass, and permissible variations in the dimensions of cut length, sizes, and mass shall be as specified by the purchaser.
8.2 Cut Length—Permissible variations in the dimensions of cut length shall be in accordance with the tolerances shown in Table 3.
Table 3—Permissible Variations in Cut Length
Size Permissible Variations, in.
Plus +, in.
Minus -, in.
Under 1 in. (over ½ in. to 1 in.) 0.060 0.125
Over 1 to 2 in. 0.125 0.250
Over 2 to 3 in. 0.18 0.375
Over 3 to 4 in. 0.25 0.50
Over 4 to 6 in. 0.375 0.75
8.3 Size Tolerances—Permissible variations in sizes shall be in accordance with Table 4.
Table 4—Permissible Variations in Size
Size Permissible Variations, in.
Plus +, in.
Minus -, in.
Under 1 in. 0.008 0.008
Over 1 to 2 in. 0.015 0.015
Over 2 to 3 in. 0.022 0.022
Over 3 to 4 in. 0.030 0.030
Over 4 to 6 in. 0.045 0.045
8.4 Mass Tolerances—Permissible variations in mass shall be in accordance with Table 5.
Table 5—Permissible Variations in Mass
Size Permissible Variations
Plus +, %
Minus -, %
Under 1 lb 0.14 0.41
Over 1 to 10 lb 0.13 0.40
Over 10 lb 0.12 0.39
9. Form and Finish
9.1 The form and finish of the material shall be in accordance with the requirements of the purchaser.
10. Certification
10.1 In case of dispute between the purchaser and the supplier as to the chemical composition or mechanical properties of the material, the supplier shall furnish to the purchaser, at his request, a report of an independent laboratory recognized as competent to perform such tests in accordance with accepted test methods, showing the actual results obtained on tests of three specimens selected at random from each heat or lot of material in question.
11. Sampling
11.1 Representativity of Sample—The number and character of the tests shall be based on the LOT or the minimum shipping quantity, whichever is smaller. The customer shall accept a test report representing the material being purchased.
11.2 Sample Location—Samples shall be taken from the lot as follows:
11.2.1 Ends of coils or strips.
11.2.2 Ends of bars, billets, blooms, and forgings.
11.2.3 From the middle portion of any piece.
A graphical representation of the sampling plan (see Fig. 1) is provided for reference. All test samples shall be taken from the body of each piece and not from any extremity.
[pic]
Fig. 1—Sampling Plan
12. Test Method
12.1 Testing of Samples—The tests shall be performed in accordance with the Sampling and Test Methods in Annex A1.
13. Quality Assurance
13.1 The supplier shall maintain records and control forms in addition to those required in his quality assurance program. Such records shall include the chemical analysis, mechanical properties, fabrication data, and lot identification.
13.2 The chemical and mechanical properties of the material shall be verified by the supplier in accordance with the specified requirements.
13.3 The supplier is responsible for the quality of the material. All test samples, test procedures, and other testing requirements shall be in accordance with accepted test methods.
14. Product Marking
14.1
