Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the hazards of cavitation and corrosion in hydraulic systems, and to explore the ways to prevent them. The development of hydraulic systems has been progressing rapidly in recent years, and it has become an important and powerful means of transmission power and control system in major industries. However, due to its unique operational environment and working conditions, the cause of cavitation, corrosion and wear on hydraulic components has also increased. The cavitation phenomenon will cause a variety of malfunctions and reduce the service life of the components. If not dealt with in time, it can easily lead to system blockage, leakage and even burst. The corresponding prevention and mitigation methods are summarized and empirical analysis of their effects is conducted.
Keywords: cavitation, corrosion, hydraulic system.
1. Introduction
Hydraulic system is very important in the the process of industrial production and other working occasions, its role could not be ignored, with its development, the control and power transmission of the machine tool and other equipment are good at. This is because, in the process of fluid drive, the fluid can produce large pressure and large power. In addition, the transmission and control of some actions can be realized. However, the hydraulic system should pay attention to the cavitation problem. Generally, the cavitation is a kind of physical phenomenon, which will damage the components of the hydraulic system.
On the one hand, cavitation is caused by the instability of the hydraulic pressure in hydraulic system due to the improper layout of the components, leading to the instability of the flow state of the liquid medium in the system, resulting in frequent pressure fluctuations of the liquid medium, which further produces high temperature, large flow rate and great pressure difference, so that the liquid becomes vaporized and is released into the medium. On the other hand, cavitation erodes the system because of the small bubbles formed by air mixing with the liquid in the system, causing the medium to stick to the inner wall of the components, which further increases the mechanical friction, pressure bearing capacity and thermal energy of the parts, and corrodes the parts over time until the breakdown.
2. Hazards of Cavitation and Corrosion
2.1 Hazards of Cavitation
(1) Damage to Hydraulic Components: Various forms of cavitation damage to the hydraulic components of the system, such as pitting damage, abrasion damage, fused point damage and so on, which will lead to the fracture of the parts.
(2) Noise Increase: Cavitation will cause large pressure fluctuations, the high frequency noise, increased hydraulic vibration;
(3) Sealing Destruction: Cavitation will cause the high-pressure liquid mechanical seals to be destroyed, resulting in system leakage and other accidents.
2.2 Hazards of Corrosion
(1) Loss of Strength: Corrosion will reduce the strength of the material, reduce the flow resistance and increase the media flow velocity;
(2) Shorten the Life of the Hydraulic System: Corrosion will cause the wall of the hydraulic system to be thinned, resulting in loose nuts and bolts, and the more serious will cause oil leakage.
3. Preventive Measures
3.1 Eliminate Cavitation
(1) Improve the Hydraulic Design: According to the design standards, the cavitation criteria should be taken into full consideration when designing the system with large flow pipeline. Narrow low spots and large flow pipelines should be designed to reduce the local pressure in the pipeline and reduce cavitation.
(2) Stabilize the System Pressure: To ensure that the system has a good design and adjustable pressure, to prevent pressure fluctuations or other changes caused by cavitation.
(3) Reduce the Input Energy: If the input pressure is too high, it is necessary to reduce the pressure and prevent cavitation by taking measures such as reducing the input energy.
3.2 Reduce Corrosion of Components
(1) Improved Materials: Choose corrosion-resistant materials for components and avoid the use of materials that are easily corroded in the system.
(2) Install and Replace Expansion Tanks: To provide a cooling system for the components, it is necessary to install and replace an expansion tank in the system.
(3) Add Additives to the System: Adding additives to the system can reduce systemic corrosion and keep it lubricated, reducing wear and tear on the components.
4. Concluding Remarks
In conclusion, this paper has mainly discussed about the hazards of cavitation and corrosion in hydraulic systems and the corresponding prevention and control measures. It is expected that the prevention and control measures discussed in this paper can provide reference to avoid and reduce such problems in the use of hydraulic systems, and thereby ensure the correct operation of the system.
